| For other uses, see Anvil (disambiguation).An anvil is a manufacturing tool, made of a hard and massive block of stone or metal used as a support for chiseling and hammering other objects, such as in forging iron and steel items.History
2 Structure
3 Types of anvil
4 Etymology
4.Anvils in art and entertainment
5.History
Anvils have been used since early Bronze Age times by smiths of all kinds for metal work, although the tool was also used in much earlier epochs for stone and flint work.There are many references to anvils in ancient Greek and Egyptian writing, including Homer's works.The anvil was perfected during the Middle Ages when iron working was commonplace.The primary work surface of the anvil is known as the face.It is generally made of hardened steel and should be flat and smooth with rounded edges for most work.Also, sharp edges tend to cut in to the metal being worked and may cause cracks to form in the workpiece.The face is hardened to resist the blows of the smiths hammer so the anvil face does not deform under repeated use.Hammers should never directly strike the anvil face as they may damage it.The horn of the anvil is a conical projection used to form various round shapes, and is generally unhardened steel or iron.Some anvils, mainly European, are made with two horns, one square and one round.Also, some anvils were made with side horns or clips for specialized work.The step or pad of the anvil is used for cutting, to prevent damaging the face by conducting such operations there, although most professional smiths shun this practice as it can damage the anvil.The hardy hole is a square hole into which specialized forming and cutting tools are placed.It is also used in punching and bending operations.The pritchel hole is a small round hole that is present on most modern anvils.Some anvils have more than one.At times smiths will fit a second tool to this hole to allow the smith more flexibility when using more than one anvil tools.There are many designs for anvils, which are often tailored for a specific purpose or to meet the needs of a particular smith.The common blacksmith's anvil is made of either forged or cast steel, tool steel, or wrought iron (cast iron anvils are generally shunned, as they are too brittle for repeated use, and do not return the energy of a hammer blow like steel).Historically, some anvils have been made with a smooth top working face of hardened steel welded to a cast iron body, though this manufacturing method is no longer in use.Occasionally the other end is also provided with a bick, partly rectangular in section.Some anvils have several hardy and pritchel holes, to accommodate a wider variety of hardy tools and pritchels.An anvil may also have a softer pad for chisel work.Cheap anvils made from inferior steel which are unsuitable for serious use are derisively referred to as "ASOs", or "Anvil Shaped Objects".Some modern anvils are made mostly from concrete.While the face is steel, the horn is not and can be easily damaged.These anvils can be hard to recognize because the gray paint used is the same shade as the steel face.They tend to weight about half as much as a comparable steel anvil.Saxon anfilt or onfilti, either that on which something is "welded" or "folded," cf.German falzen, to fold, or connected with other Teutonic forms of the word, cf.Usage
"On the anvil" means any thing in the making, being created, in production etc.Television and film
A typical metalworker's anvil, with horn at one end and flat face at the other, is a standard prop for animated cartoon gags, as the epitome of a heavy and clumsy object that is perfect for dropping onto the villain of the story.This visual metaphor was quite common in Warner Brothers' Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies shorts, such as those featuring Wile E.It was widely used in other animated features, possibly influenced by them.In the Broadway musical (and later film) The Music Man, by Meredith Willson, the character Charlie Cowell, the "bad guy" of the play, is an anvil salesman."It takes a real salesman, I can tell you that," he says."Anvils have a limited appeal, you know."Musical instruments
Anvils have been used as percussion instruments in several famous musical compositions, including:
Giuseppe Verdi: Il Trovatore, featuring the famous Anvil Chorus
Richard Wagner: Der Ring des Nibelungen in Das Rheingold in Scene 3, using 18 anvils, and Siegfried in Act I, notably Siegfried's Forging Song (Nothung!Baptiste Lully
Howard Shore: The Lord of the Rings
Albert Parlow: Anvil Polka and Strauss
Louis Andriessen: De Materie (Part I), which features an extended solo for two anvils
The Beatles song "Maxwell's Silver Hammer" makes prominent use of the anvil.Beatles road manager Mal Evans played the anvil on the track.New Edge of the Anvil.This page was last modified 01:17, 12 January 2008.See Copyrights for details.Flex Loop
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