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| For the American thrash metal band, see Atrophy (band)
Atrophy is the partial or complete wasting away of a part of the body.Causes of atrophy include poor nourishment, poor circulation, loss of hormonal support, loss of nerve supply to the target organ, disuse or lack of exercise or disease intrinsic to the tissue itself.Atrophy is a general physiological process of reabsorption and breakdown of tissues, involving apoptosis on a cellular level.When it occurs as a result of disease or loss of trophic support due to other disease, it is termed pathological atrophy, although it can be a part of normal body development and homeostasis as well.In normal development
1.In normal development
Examples of atrophy as part of normal development include shrinkage and involution of the thymus in ealry childhood and the tonsils in adolescence.Breast atrophy
Atrophy of the breasts can occur with prolonged estrogen reduction, as with anorexia nervosa or menopause.Atrophy of the testes occurs with prolonged use of enough exogenous sex steroid (either androgen or estrogen) to reduce gonadotropin secretion.The adrenal glands atrophy during prolonged use of exogenous glucocorticoids like prednisone.Disuse atrophy of muscles (muscle atrophy) and bones, with loss of mass and strength, can occur after prolonged immobility, such as extended bedrest, or having a body part in a cast (living in darkness for the eye, bedridden for the legs, etc).This type of atrophy can usually be reversed with exercise unless severe.Astronauts must exercise regularly to minimize atrophy of their limb muscles while they are in microgravity.There are many diseases and conditions which cause atrophy of muscle mass.For example diseases such as cancer and AIDS induce a body wasting syndrome called "cachexia", which is notable for the severe muscle atrophy seen.Other syndromes or conditions which can induce skeletal muscle atrophy are congestive heart failure and liver disease.During aging, there is a gradual decrease in the ability to maintain skeletal muscle function and mass.This condition is called "sarcopenia", and may be distinct from atrophy in its pathophysiology.Dystrophies, myosities, and motor neuron conditions
Pathologic atrophy of muscles can occur due to diseases of the motor nerves, or due to diseases of the muscle tissue itself.Examples of atrophying muscle diseases include muscular dystrophy, myotonia congenita, and myotonic dystrophy.Testing upon mice showed that it blocked the activity of a protein present in the muscle that is involved in muscle atrophy.However the concerns for the drug's longterm effects on the heart preclude its routine use in humans for this indication and further alternative drugs are being sought.Muscle atrophy (html) (english).Types of Atrophy (html) (english)."Merg1a K+ channel induces skeletal muscle atrophy by activating the ubiquitin proteasome pathway".Optic atrophy is the loss of some or most of the fibers of the optic nerve.In medicine, "atrophy" usually means "shrunken but capable of regrowth", so some argue that "optic atrophy" as a pathological term is somewhat misleading and use "optic neuropathy" instead.Prognosis
The optic nerve is part of the brain and has no capability for regeneration.Hence, there can be no recovery from optic atrophy and the term may refer to serious or mild, but always irreversible visual loss due to damage to the optic nerve.Bilateral Optic Atrophy: Loss of vision and discoloration of discs in both eyes.Causes
Optic atrophy can be congenital or acquired.Dominant optic atrophy or Kjer's optic neuropathy has autosomal dominant inheritance.Alternatively, congenital optic atrophy can be caused by a lack of oxygen during pregnancy, labour or in the early days of a child's life.Some drugs taken during pregnancy are also associated with optic atrophy.Acquired
The acquired type of optic atrophy may be due to blood supply changes in the eye or optic nerve (anterior ischemic optic neuropathy or posterior ischemic optic neuropathy), may be secondary to inflammation or swelling within the optic nerve (optic neuritis), may be a result of pressure against the optic nerve (such as from a tumour), or may be related to metabolic diseases (e.This page was last modified on 9 March 2008, at 07:09.See Copyrights for details.He argued that there was a progressive atrophy of freedom and independence of thought.Pathology A wasting or decrease in size of a body organ, tissue, or part owing to disease, injury, or lack of use: muscular atrophy of a person affected with paralysis.To cause to wither or deteriorate; affect with atrophy.Published by Houghton Mifflin Company.When a body part is affected by paralysis, the muscles may atrophy through lack of use.Shop for books, music and more
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Thesaurus.It's one of those devastatingly beautiful, uplifting recordings that makes you want to just lie down and listen to it the whole way though.Plus they're actively involved in charity work and donate proceeds from CD sales since they're not paying a record label which is awesome.Photography: All photographs published on this website may not be used in any way without written permission from the copyright holder.Is separate from neurogenic atrophy when nerve damage causes atrophy from both disuse and denervation.Siamese cats and miniature schnauzers and poodles; may be secondary to trauma, recurrent uveitis and chronic glaucoma.Blind quarter (atrophy) in a cow following mastitis.By permission from Blowey RW, Weaver AD, Diseases and Disorders of Cattle, Mosby, 1997optic atrophyatrophy of the optic nerve; may occur with trauma, prolonged inflammatory diseases of the eye, and retinal degeneration.Malabsorption and diarrhea result.Atrophy may result from a decrease in cell size, number of cells, or both.Bone atrophy may be systemic, regional, or local.If it is bilateral, it may produce brachygnathia; unilateral types, although rare, are more common than the bilateral type.There are numerous causes for simple atrophy of muscle, such as chronic malnutrition, immobilization, and denervation.When a tooth loses its antagonist, osteoporotic changes in the supporting bone, an afunctional change in the direction of periodontal fibers, and a narrowing of the periodontal ligament.Muscle atrophy refers to the wasting or loss of muscle tissue resulting from disease or lack of use.There are two types of muscle atrophy.Disuse atrophy occurs from a lack of physical exercise.The majority of muscle atrophy in the general population results from disuse.This type of atrophy can be reversible with vigorous exercise.The most severe type of muscle atrophy is neurogenic atrophy.This type of muscle atrophy tends to occur more suddenly than disuse atrophy.Even minor muscle atrophy usually results in some loss of mobility or power.Some atrophy occurs normally with aging.The doctor will perform a physical examination and ask questions about your medical history and symptoms, including
When did the muscle atrophy begin?What other symptoms do you have?Treatment may include ultrasound therapy and, in some cases, surgery to correct a contracture.Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition.Pathology A wasting or decrease in size of a body organ, tissue, or part owing to disease, injury, or lack of use: muscular atrophy of a person affected with paralysis.To cause to wither or deteriorate; affect with atrophy.Fables by Bierce, Ambrose View in contextFrom a deficiency in this particular, one of two evils must ensue; either the people must be subjected to continual plunder, as a substitute for a more eligible mode of supplying the public wants, or the government must sink into a fatal atrophy, and, in a short course of time, perish.Federalist Papers Authored by Alexander Hamilton by Hamilton, Alexander View in contextThis paralysis lasted, however, but a short time; for Tess's energies returned with the atrophy of his, and she walked as fast as she was able past the barn and onward.Table of Contents (click to jump to sections)What is Cerebral Atrophy?What is Cerebral Atrophy?Cerebral atrophy is a common feature of many of the diseases that affect the brain.Atrophy of any tissue means loss of cells.In brain tissue, atrophy describes a loss of neurons and the connections between them.If the cerebral hemispheres (the two lobes of the brain that form the cerebrum)
are affected, conscious thought and voluntary processes may be impaired.Disorders: The pattern and rate of progression of cerebral atrophy depends on the disease involved.Symptoms: Many diseases that cause cerebral atrophy are associated with dementia, seizures, and a group of language disorders called
the aphasias.Receptive aphasia causes impaired
comprehension.Expressive aphasia is reflected in odd choices of words, the use of partial phrases, disjointed clauses, and
incomplete sentences.The NINDS funds research looking at many of the diseases and disorders that cause cerebral atrophy.National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke or any other Federal agency.Credit to the NINDS or the NIH is appreciated.Note: This is for informational purposes only.Definition:
Muscle atrophy refers to the wasting or loss of
muscle
tissue resulting from disease or lack of use.Atrophy of the muscles
Considerations:
There are two types of muscle atrophy.Disuse atrophy occurs from a lack of physical exercise.The majority of muscle atrophy in the general population results from disuse.This type of atrophy can be reversible with vigorous exercise.Astronauts, free of the gravitational pull of Earth, can develop
decreased muscle tone
and loss of calcium from their bones following just a few days of weightlessness.The most severe type of muscle atrophy is neurogenic atrophy.This type of muscle atrophy tends to occur more suddenly than disuse atrophy.Even minor muscle atrophy usually results in some loss of mobility or power.Common Causes:
Some atrophy occurs normally with aging.Division of Neurology, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ. |
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