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Info: Biography, Pictures, Discography of all CDs & DVDs |
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| October 1964) is an Egyptian politician, a former member of that country's Parliament and chairman of the El Ghad party.He became famous around the world following his January 2005 imprisonment by the government of President Hosni Mubarak, which was widely understood as a politically motivated move by the state and caused a lot of internal anger as well as foreign pressure for his release.Formation of El Ghad
The El Ghad party was formally recognized by the Egyptian government on October 27, 2004.His prominence as an independent MP made him the star of the party and one of the driving forces behind its organization.Arrest and imprisonment
Nour was stripped of his parliamentary immunity and arrested on January 29, 2005.The arrest, occurring in an election year, was widely criticized by governments around the world as a step backwards for Egyptian democracy.Few seem to regard the charges as legitimate.Nour remained active despite his imprisonment, using the opportunity to write critical articles and make his case and cause better known.In February 2005, Condoleezza Rice abruptly postponed a visit to Egypt, reflecting U.Nour, who was reported to have been brutally interrogated.Scott (UK, Conservative), Nour was freed and began a campaign for the Egyptian presidency.There are those who say that democracy leads to chaos, or conflict, or terror.On December 24, 2005 he was sentenced to five years in jail.Nour is diabetic and dependent on insulin, a health issue which sent him to the hospital for the week before the verdict when he engaged in a hunger strike carried out in protest of his detention.On the day of Nour's guilty verdict and sentencing, the White House Press Secretary released the following statement denouncing the government's action:
"The United States is deeply troubled by the conviction today of Egyptian politician Ayman Nour by an Egyptian court.The United States calls upon the Egyptian government to act under the laws of Egypt in the spirit of its professed desire for increased political openness and dialogue within Egyptian society, and out of humanitarian concern, to release Mr.When asked about him at a news conference, she referred to his situation as one of Egypt's setbacks."But what's happening to me now is a message to everybody."There are many dissidents who couldn't join us because they are being unjustly imprisoned or held under house arrest.Alexander Kozulin of Belarus, Aung San Suu Kyi of Burma, Oscar Elias Biscet of Cuba, Father Nguyen Van Ly of Vietnam, Ayman Nour of Egypt.The daughter of one of these political prisoners is in this room.Party Leadership
Soon after, some members of the Tomorrow Party removed Nour from the presidency (a move which is supported by the Egyptian government and Nour's political opponents), but Nour is still the official president of "El Ghad Party".Today, the Council of the State is looking into the case filed by the divided party, taking into consideration that Nour is still officially the president and the other members were expelled from the party three days before their actions (which included claiming that they are the leaders of "El Ghad Party" and issuing a party newspaper opposing the law of press production and also entering the parliament elections under the "El Ghad" name despite the fact that they were expelled).In November 2007, Gamila Ismail wife of Ayman Nour announced her resignation from her position as deputy chairman of the party without giving much more detail.Kaplan, Fred Waking Up to Reality Condi makes nice in the Middle East Slate Jan.All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.Feel free to navigate through blog posts, browse the image gallery, or explore sidebar links.Unfortunately however, PHP comes with a default configuration that is not suitable for production mode, and may cause developers to use insecure techniques during the development phase.Inside is a check list of settings that are intended to harden the default PHP installation.Many comments were interested in a jQuery port for Drupal 5.Mark recommended building such a module on top of the brilliant Panels module.It's far from complete (doesn't save user settings for example), but it's step in the right direction.Panels' tracker, pinging merlinofchaos (author of panels), so let's take the discussion there.You may download the module here.It's only meant to demonstrate functionality.On the surface, it shares syntactical similarities with Java and C, but the mentality is quite different.At its core, JavaScript is more similar to functional languages.This enables the user to detach from their session and resume it later.If I was disconnected for some reason, I can easily reconnect and resume my session.I've been using Vim on a daily basis for years to do a wide range of tasks, from casual editing of short text files, to managing large programming projects, and every now and then I come across a new feature that considerably helps in some aspect of text editing.For this reason, I decided to compile a list of such Vim tips in this post.JavaScript code, using the excellent Prototype and Scriptaculous JavaScript libraries.In the second section, I'll explain how to integrate this code into Drupal as a server backend for storing user settings.You may check the frontend here (tested with Firefox 1.I've just had a fascinating experience that I wanted to share here.For those not familiar with it, GnuPG is a system for digitally signing and encrypting emails and other data.Finally, I realized that I forgot my passphrase!The Arabic version of Firefox 2.Otherwise, just want for the final release, which should be some time soon.Download links for the Arabic version:
Windows
Linux
Mac
Enjoy, and thanks to everyone who helped in the translation effort!Here is a solution for a problem I read about many times in the Drupal forums, but couldn't find any definite answer to: When upgrading or moving a database dump from MySQL 4.The bulk of work is already in Drupal's code (_system_update_utf8), the module simply makes use of it.To use the module, install and enable it, then navigate to update.CSS development under Internet Explorer.They mimic two commonly used features in the Web Developer extension for Firefox.To test a bookmarklet, simply click its link.These bookmarklets are tested with Firefox 1.Safari, but I think they should work because the code is standard complaint.Display ID and class information.Firefox is my platform of choice for web development because of its compliance with standards and the plethora of development and debugging tools and extensions available (most notably Web Developer and FireBug).Most of the time the code passes Opera and KHTML without any issues; however, IE often produces problems, and while working around them, I used to wish I had Web Developer's features for IE.Until recently when I wrote those bookmarklets, they took me like 5 minutes to write and test under Firefox, but IE silently failed to produce the desired results until I did another hour of work.Need help26 weeks 3 days agoI use screen to share a26 weeks 4 days agoSaving Ordering in a single Column26 weeks 4 days agoChange for new version of Script.Arabeyes Project
Gentoo Linux
Slashdot.At its core, JavaScript is more similar to functional languages.Others are meant to improve performance and explore some of the more obscure parts of the web scripting language.Out (FIFO) paradigm: the first item added will be the first item removed.It's worth noting that Array also has a function named unshift().This function adds the passed item to the beginning of an array.Binary Tree
A binary tree represents data in a tree of nodes.Each node has a value and two children (left and right).In C, this data structure is usually implemented using structures and pointers.The first item of the array will be the head of the tree.On the other hand, the disadvantage of this method is that wasted space grows as the depth of the tree increases.This method will result in too many intermediate strings and concatenation operations, and will poorly perform overall.To overcome this, I use a function that binds a method to an object; it takes an object and method, and returns a function that always calls the method in the context of that object.Sorting With a Custom Comparison Function
Sorting is a common task.The explanation of this behavior is simple: Numbers are converted to strings before sorting them, so 10 becomes '10' and 2 becomes '2'.Fortunately, JavaScript provides a way to override this behavior by letting us supply a comparison function.If you want to sort the array by post id's, create the following comparison function:
function postCmp(a, b)
It's reasonable to say that sorting using a native browser method is going to be more efficient than implementing a sort function in JavaScript.It's used to ensure that an expression evaluates to true during execution.The following implementation throws an exception of type AssertException if the passed expression evaluates to false:
function AssertException(message) AssertException.This function can be used in a way similar to C or Java:
assert(obj !If obj happens to be null, the following message will be printed in the JavaScript console in Firefox:
uncaught exception: AssertException: Object is null
6.Static Local Variables
Some languages like C++ support the concept of static variables; they are local variables that retain their values between function calls.JavaScript doesn't have a static keyword or direct support for this technique.However, the fact that functions are also objects makes simulating this feature possible.The idea is storing the static variable as a property of the function.Because we are storing the variable as a property, it's going to retain its value between function calls, thus it can be considered a static variable.We can introduce a slight performance improvement to the above function by removing that if check and initialize count.While the first example encapsulates all of count's logic in its body, the second example is more efficient.On the other hand, undefined means that the variable has not been declared, or has been declared but not given a value yet.Deep Nesting of Objects
If you need to do multiple operations on a deeply nested object, it's better to store a reference to it in a temporary variable instead of dereferencing it each time.For example, suppose that you want to do a series of operations on a textfield accessible by the following construct:
document.Using FireBug
Firefox has a fabulous extension for debugging JavaScript code called FireBug.It offers an object inspector, a debugger with breakpoints and stack views, and a JavaScript console.It can also monitor Ajax requests.Moreover, the extension provides a set of JavaScript functions and objects to simplify debugging.Those familiar with Prototype will immediately recognize these two functions.This method prints a stack trace where it's called.So b will be stored at index 1.Notice how there are 2 undefined positions in the array, if b had children, they would be stored there.Excellent tips and a very useful website!You neglected one of the most fundamentally important things about JavaScript that most people do not know:
It treats functions as first class values.This is a real good and informative article.Two syntactic forms I would mention are:
1.THANKS for the custom sort function, it's sooo useful !May I know if javascript can read and write to a local disc file?In short no, JavaScript is not allowed to read or write to local file system for security reasons.However, some browsers allow sufficiently privileged scripts to access local file system, for example, Mozilla browsers allow installed extensions to access local files, check this page for some code samples.Some languages like C++ support the concept of static variables.These are local variables that retain their values between function calls.The idea is to store the static variable as a property of the function.IE5 (or more accurately, JScript 5.Also interesting to note is that Microsoft still considers IE5.Windows 2000 for which IE5 was the default browser) whereas Microsoft has discontinued support for IE5.Somewhat moot as nobody should really be using either of them.What browser(s) did you test with?Unless my test is flawed somehow (please tell me!Regardless, I tested again on a Windows machine, faster than my Mac, and had to increase the number of iterations to 8000 to get decent results.But how often do you need to build a string that large?Hi,
I remember running into similar results when I conducted my tests.Firefox optimizes away the for loop, which results in great improvements to performance.Try to make s a global variable for example, and see how it goes.Mozilla browsers perform better when the right side of the concatenation is a string literal.You can use getId(obj) to get a unique key for each of your objects that you want to store in sets (kind of like hashCode() in Java).Please solve the math problem above and type in the result.The content of this field is kept private and will not be shown publicly.Zawahiri has been indicted for his alleged role in
the August 7, 1998, bombings of the United States Embassies in
Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and Nairobi, Kenya.CmAd(245, 15, "globalheader", "tout").Qaeda while bin Laden has ceded the spotlight to his deputy.Zarqawi, gently suggesting that he stop his habit of beheading hostages because it was turning off many Muslims.Zarqawi has stopped the beheadings.Zawahiri has released seven tapes.MultiAd(new Array("336x280", "336x850", "300x250", "300x600")).How Not to Look Old:
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Solving the Biofuels vs.You will need to install or upgrade your Flash Player to be able to view this Flash content.Also, Javascript must be turned on.CmAd(142, 70, "globalfooter", "text2").CmAd(142, 70, "globalfooter", "text").Which member of the British royal family do you admire the most?CONTACT US
Send your questions and comments to People in the News.Zawahiri emerged as a spokesman for imprisoned Islamic militants.Their group has been blamed for numerous terrorist attacks worldwide, mainly on Western targets, including the attacks of September 11, 2001, on New York and Washington that killed nearly 3,000 people.After the attacks, the U.Zawahiri joined the outlawed Egyptian Islamic Jihad group as a teenager, being jailed twice for helping plot assassinations of two Egyptian leaders.He eventually became the group's leader, which was dedicated to the creation of an Islamic state in Egypt, and in the 1980s he joined Mujahedeen fighting Soviet forces in Afghanistan.There he befriended and joined forces with bin Laden.Zawahiri appeared on numerous video and audiotapes calling for attacks against Western targets and urging Muslims to support his cause."He is his closest adviser."Zawahiri's uncle, calling his nephew quiet, studious and deeply religious."He was known as a good Muslim, keen to pray at the mosque and to read and to think and to have his own positions."Zawahiri became involved in the Islamic fundamentalist movement rolling through Egypt.Zawahiri worked to overthrow Sadat, said Dia'a Rashwan, a specialist in Islamic movements.After Sadat made peace with Israel, members of Egyptian Islamic Jihad assassinated Sadat.In a 1981 trial, as defendant No.Zawahiri emerged as a sort of international spokesman for the imprisoned Islamic activists."We want to speak to the whole world," he said in 1983.He left Egypt in 1985 and made his way to Peshawar, Pakistan, where he worked as a surgeon treating the fighters who were waging holy war against Soviet troops in Afghanistan.That is where Zawahiri met bin Laden, a prominent Mujahedeen leader and who also had left behind a privileged upbringing to join the fight in Afghanistan.The two became close, linked by their common bond as "Afghan Arabs."After the war against the Soviets ended, Zawahiri was unable to return to Egypt.Instead, he joined bin Laden in Sudan, where he planned terror activities, including an attack on the Egyptian Embassy in Pakistan.The group, meanwhile, stepped up its violent campaign against the Egyptian government, blowing up its embassy in Pakistan in 1995 and trying to assassinate several top Egyptian politicians.Zawahiri and Osama bin Laden were indicted for allegedly masterminding the twin bombings of the U.Kenya and Tanzania on August 7, 1998.The two issued a fatwa, or decree, that said, "The judgment to kill and fight Americans and their allies, whether civilians or military, is an obligation for every Muslim."American and more violent."Zawahiri's anger toward the United States to what many Afghan Arabs felt was the CIA's betrayal to support their cause after the Soviets left Afghanistan and the country slipped into tribal anarchy.Egyptian Islamic Jihad members from Albania to stand trial in Egypt for terrorism.In early August of that year, the al Hayat newspaper office in Cairo received a fax from Egyptian Islamic Jihad stating: "We should like to inform the Americans that, in short, their message has been received and that they should read carefully the reply that will, with God's help, be written in the language that they understand."Kenya and Tanzania, killing 224 people.There were, including the attack on the USS Cole in October 2000 and a year later the attacks on New York and Washington.Zawahiri and his brothers Mohammed to death in absentia.Zawahiri continued to work with bin Laden and al Qaeda.Zawahiri, alleging he "masterminded several terrorist operations in Egypt" and accusing him of "criminal complicity and management for the purpose of committing premeditated murder."Zawahiri has raised his public profile, appearing on numerous video and audiotapes to urge Muslims to join the jihad against the United States and its allies.Some of his tapes have been followed closely by terrorist attacks.Zawahiri's voice was released.Zawahiri's said, "America and its deputies should know that their crimes will not go unpunished.The settlement of this overburdened account will indeed be heavy.We will also aim to continue, by permission of Allah, the destruction of the American economy."Cable News Network LP, LLLP.Read our privacy guidelines.No tags have been created or used yet.It is really sunny here.It is great to have a break from the rain in SeattleJ.Cairo till the mid of January.East Developers Conference) in Cairo (nothing is confirmed yet regarding the participation).The conference is a really great one with lots of attendees and interactions.Lots of surprises, good ones thoughJ.Visual Studio 2005 SP1 released
The VC++ Team blog has all the details here.The VC++ team blog includes more details.The VC++ Team will be monitoring such forum and looking forward to your input.VC++ 2005 IDE Tips and Tricks
Brois Jabes, a program manager on the VC++ team talks about a number of tips and tricks C++ developers can take advantage of when using VC++ 2005 IDE.C1083: Cannot open include file: 'iostream.Original Code:
int main()
Error VC2005 issues:
sample.Why does this page look this way?Qaeda terrorist network, behind Osama bin Laden.Zawahiri, an ideological firebrand of Egyptian birth, helped bin Laden structure his political ideas and projects, and in return bin Laden bankrolled Zawahiri's preexisting campaign of militancy.Afghanistan border region, in 1980.Zawahiri, a surgeon, was working for the Red Crescent Society, the Islamic correlate of the Red Cross.Bin Laden had come to Peshawar to raise money.Upon meeting bin Laden, he at once understood the wealthy Saudi's potential usefulness to his own personal ambitions.In 1980, experts say, bin Laden was politically motivated but ideologically malleable.And, of course, he was very, very rich.Not long after his release, he took over leadership of the terrorist organization Egyptian Islamic Jihad, which the United States believes helped to organize the August 7, 1998, bombings of U.Zawahiri was more instrumental in the tactical planning of the September 11 attacks than bin Laden himself.His mother's family was also prominent.Her father, Ayman's grandfather, served as the president of Cairo University and founded King Saud University, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Some experts have posited that this dynamic, when combined with his cloistered academic upbringing, caused Ayman always to understand himself as an outsider.In terms of the origins of Zawahiri's militant ideas, much can be learned from his admiration of Sayyid Qutb, a radical Islamist literary critic whom Zawahiri has quoted glowingly in his own writings.Qutb, an Egyptian who lived in the United States in the early 1950s, believed the country impure and spiritually unstable.Qutb was arrested and imprisoned in 1954 for plotting to kill Nasser, then arrested again and executed, in 1966, for his involvement in a Muslim Brotherhood plot to overthrow the Egyptian government.Weigh in on this issue by emailing CFR.Gerson argues for renewed idealism and compassion in domestic and foreign policy.Complete list of CFR Books.This report takes stock of the changes under way in China and what they mean for China and for U.About Independent Task Forces at the Council.Climate Change and National Security
Climate change poses threats to national security in a number of ways.In this report, sponsored by the Center for Geoeconomic Studies, Joshua W.Please do not send attachments.All letters become the property of the Council on Foreign Relations and will not be returned.We regret that, owing to the volume of correspondence, we cannot respond to every letter.You may also request permission for Council material through Copyright Clearance Center.For more information, please click on the logo below.Copyright 2008 by the Council on Foreign Relations.He was raised in a religious manner, but his parents were not exceptionally pious.He spent his childhood in the suburb of Maadi, and despite his parents' relative prosperity, his family was never integrated with the cosmopolitan social scene dominated by Westerners and more Westernized Egyptians.In 1966 Egypt was boiling over with unrest, particularly stemming from Islamic groups which desired to rid Egypt of Western influence and to mold the country into a more Islamic society.Zawahiri was caught up in this wave and as a 15 year old worked to form a cell as part of the Muslim Brotherhood, the largest and oldest fundamentalist group in Egypt.The cell contained Ayman's brother Mohammed and three of their friends.Zawahiri became the emir of the group.At this point in time, the young militant was not concerned with anything but local issues in Egypt.Islamic and desired to instate Sharia law.Also, Zawahiri had grand visions about restoring the caliphate in Egypt as a vanguard for uniting the Islamic world under one banner.His radicalism was a secret part of his life, and not readily apparent.The only signs to his family of his underground life were sympathetic comments about acts by Islamic extremists.The invitation came from the director of the Muslim Brotherhood clinic Zawahiri was working in at the time.He treated primarily Afghan refugees fleeing from the conflict into Pakistan.He now began planning a total revolution in earnest.Qamari, was also crucial in his efforts.In February 1981, Qamari's efforts were found out by the government due to a chance release, which caused Sadat to order a major crackdown on diverse underground movements in Egypt.While most of the EIJ leadership was arrested, Zawahiri remained a free man.Qamari, who was eventually captured when he attempted to contact Ayman through the Zawahiri family.The trial was covered by the international press and Zawahiri's knowledge of English made him the de facto spokesman for the defendants.Omar Abdel Rahman, who was the spiritual leader of the Egyptian Islamic Group (EIG), a rival of EIJ.He left Egypt and traveled to Jidda, Saudi Arabia in 1985.He was joined by his brother Mohammed and Sayyid Imam, another Egyptian militant, and the three reportedly went about reforming EIJ.He managed to get several EIJ members around Bin Laden.Zawahiri cultivated a close relationship with Bin Laden and provided him with personal medical care.Bin Laden strayed from his mentor Azzam over the question of who would be targeted in the jihad.Accusations of responsibility for the attack have been directed at both Zawahiri and Bin Laden, but no concrete evidence has ever surfaced.Afghan War, the Arab Afghans returned mostly to their own countries.In 1992, Zawahiri instead traveled to join Bin Laden in Sudan as he did not feel it would be safe for him to return to Egypt.Again, the militant went to work reestablishing EIJ, now with a base adjacent to Egypt.Funding was a major issue for the group, as Bin Laden, the primary financier of the jihad, was frustrated by the conflict between EIJ and EIG and was reluctant to fund either party.He made a weak attempt to raise funds within the United States.The cost of greater funding was increasing loss of strategic control over the organization, as Bin Laden was interested in waging jihad against the "far enemy" of the United States and not in directly working to undermine local regimes.His reliance on suicide bombers was unusual for the time and had little precedent in past Islamic terror.EIJ was dealt a major setback that same year when the membership director was arrested along with a computer database filled with information on the members of the organization.Roughly one thousand militants were rounded up and three hundred put on trial.During this period, he traveled extensively throughout the world spreading the work of the organization.Meanwhile, his organization was severely weakened by the wave of arrests.In June 1995, EIJ and EIG worked in concert to make an attempt on Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak's life.At the same time, the Sudanese government was feeling increased international pressure to no longer provide sanctuary for militants.An incident involving Egyptian intelligence seems to be the precipitating cause of Zawahiri and Bin Laden's exit from Sudan.Qaeda militants and proceeded to drug them and blackmail them with sexually indecent photographs they took.The boys were pressured into installing monitoring devices in the homes of militants and eventually Egyptian agents allegedly arranged for one of the boys to assassinate Zawahiri with a suitcase bomb.Sudanese police uncovered the plot and the boys were arrested.Zawahiri traveled the world seeking refuge as he did not immediately follow Bin Laden to Afghanistan.His intention had been to establish a base in Chechnya.Several of its members were chastising their leader for taking excessive risks after his apprehension in Russia.He had run out of options and acceded to join Bin Laden in Afghanistan.Qaeda was limiting Zawahiri's strategic control over his own organization.He was forced to shift the target of EIJ away from the "near enemy", the Egyptian government, to the "far enemy", the United States.The matter was settled in February 1998 when Zawahiri signed onto a Bin Laden letter calling for all Muslims to kill Americans whenever possible.Many formerly hardcore members had lost enthusiasm for armed struggle and instead began to favor more peaceful initiatives for the furtherance of Islam in Egypt.The standard of living for members was quite low in Afghanistan and caused discontent among the ranks.Qaeda framework for several years before the official merger.Qaeda as operation managers.His brother Hussein was allegedly kidnapped in Malaysia, where he worked as an engineer, and flown to Egypt for interrogation.Zawahiri appears to have been central to an effort to acquire chemical and biological weapons.Sayed to research weapons.Qaeda camps in Afghanistan.Qaeda movement left Kandahar and headed for the mountains in Afghanistan.Also included in the tape is footage from the martyrdom video of one of the hijackers.Qaeda in Afghanistan and if he did whether he remains active within the organization.These reports were never confirmed.Qaeda, railing against US policy in the Islamic world.It is unknown when or where the tape was filmed. |
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