| What Is A Bonobo?Where Do Bonobos Live?Bonobos are humankind's closest relatives, along with chimpanzees, yet most people don't even know that bonobos exist!They live only in one country: the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).Bonobos were last great ape species to be discovered, and could be the first to go extinct if we do not act quickly to save them and their rainforest home.Bonobos stand apart from the other great apes in fascinating and important ways.But perhaps the most compelling aspect of bonobos is their society ...The Bonobo Conservation Initiative(BCI) is dedicated to ensuring the survival of the bonobo (Pan paniscus) and its tropical forest habitat in the Congo Basin.By working with indigenous Congolese people through cooperative conservation and community development programs, as well as on the national and international levels, BCI is establishing new protected areas and leading efforts to safeguard bonobos wherever they are found.Bonobos inhabit the heart of the Congo Basin, the second largest rainforest on earth, of critical importance to the health of the planet.Barbara Harman, Executive Director of the Harman Family Foundation.The clock is ticking for bonobos and their rainforest home.Massive 11,000 square mile rainforest reserve established for bonobos and other rare species!Larger than the state of Massachusetts, the new Sankuru Reserve encompasses 11,803 square miles (30,570 km2) of tropical rainforest, making it the largest contiguous protected area for great apes in the world.Located in a remote area of the Congo rainforest, the new reserve is the first to protect both bonobos and okapi, a rare forest giraffe found, like the bonobo, only in the DRC.BCI is working with a dynamic local partner organization ACOPRIK (Community Action for the Primates of Kasai) and the DRC Ministry of the Environment to build the capacity of local indigenous people to manage the Sankuru Reserve.December 31, 2007 will be matched dollar for dollar.Bicycles are urgently needed in the Bonobo Peace Forest, where the primary means of transport is by river, foot, or bicycle.Thanks to a generous donation from the "Spokes for Folks" Community Bicycle Project in Boulder, CO, BCI is receiving 400 bikes for Bonobo Peace Forest communities!Kokolopori and Falls Church, Virginia link up as Sister Cities!Learn more about BCI's research and conservation activities:
Bonobos survive the war at Lilungu.Profit project whose mission is to empower communities by engaging in activities that promote environmentalism and human equity.What Is A Bonobo?Where Do Bonobos Live?What Is The Bonobo Initiative?The Bonobo Conservation Initiative.What Is A Bonobo?Where Do Bonobos Live?It is difficult to answer the question: "What is a Bonobo?"Bonobos are complex beings with profound intelligence, emotionality, and sensitivity.Biologically speaking, bonobos are the closest you can get to being human without being human.Bonobos look more like humans than other apes, and display many behavioral similarities as well.Bonobos and people share 98.Bonobos and their cousins the chimpanzees, are more closely related genetically to us than they are to gorillas!Bonobos are great apes, along with chimpanzees, orangutans, and gorillas.Because we share so many characteristics with these simian species, some scientists contend that humans should be classified as apes too.Indigenous people who have dwelled among bonobos in the Congo forest have many legends about how bonobos and man were brothers in the distant past.They tell stories about how bonobos showed people what foods to eat in the forest, how a bonobo saved a man who needed help, how bonobos themselves are trying to become human.These apes have fascinated indigenous people of Africa for hundreds, even thousands of years, yet to most of the world's population, they have been known to exist only for the span of one lifetime.Bonobos were not discovered by scientists until 1933, and even then, not alive, but in the Tervuren Museum in Belgium, identified by means of a skull.They dwell in the tropical forests of the Congo Basin south of the Congo River.Different Breed of Ape
Bonobos stand apart from the other great apes in fascinating and important ways.Bonobos walk bipedally, on two feet, more easily and for longer periods of time than the other apes.They are highly intelligent.Some bonobos in captivity have even learned to use human language!But perhaps the most compelling feature of bonobos is their society.Bonobos live in large groups where harmonious coexistence is the norm.Females form close bonds and alliances, which is another way they maintain their power among males, who are larger and stronger physically.Like chimps, bonobo society is "male philopatric," meaning that the females migrate to other groups when they reach puberty.However, the wild bonobo population is so fragmented now in the Congo, with small groups living in isolated pockets, that the sustainability of the species is severely threatened.It will be critical for us to establish protected areas and corridors to provide for genetic viability of the species.However, bonobos share a human landscape, and our work with indigenous Congolese people is an important aspect of bonobo conservation.Learn about BCI's programs to protect bonobos."Make Love, Not War"
Bonobos seem to ascribe to the 1960s hippie credo, "make love, not war."Beyond that, they are very loving too, showing care and compassion for each other in many ways.Sex in bonobo society transcends reproduction, as it does in humans.It serves as a way of bonding, exchanging energy and sharing pleasure.Bonobos have been described as "pansexual" by psychologist Frans de Waal.Sex permeates the fabric of bonobo society, weaving through all aspects of daily life.When bonobo groups meet in the forest, they greet each other, bond sexually, and share food instead of fighting.Likewise, almost any conflict between bonobos is eased by sexual activity, grooming, or sharing food.Like humans, bonobo females are sexually receptive throughout most of their estrus cycle.Male chimps make macho displays to impress females and can be quite vehement in their demands.Consequently, chimp females do not have much control over who they mate with.Bonobo males tend to be a bit more polite.The sexual aspect of bonobo behavior is best understood in the context of bonobo culture.Sex does not necessarily mean the same thing to a bonobo that it does to a human.However, it raises compelling questions about the roots of human nature, and is particularly striking in contrast to chimpanzee society.Swingin' in the Trees ...Singin' in the Breeze
What's it like to come upon a group of bonobos in the forest?First of all, you'd better look up!Bonobos spend a lot of time high in the rainforest canopy.They tend to like swampy areas, where sometimes they dig for grubs or small crustaceons.When bonobos gather in the trees to make their night nests, they fill the twilight with a symphony of soprano squeals.Bonobos eat a variety of foods, including fruits, nuts, seeds, sprouts, vegetation, and mushrooms.They eat various parts of plants, including the leaves, flowers, bark, stems, pith, and roots.They also eat small mammals, insect larvae, earthworms, honey, eggs, and soil.Unlike chimpanzees who form hunting parties to capture monkeys, bonobos do not aggressively hunt mammals.Bonobos do forage for "mbindjos," or caterpillars, the larvae of various butterfly species.Mbindjos are also collected and eaten by local villagers who share the forest with bonobos.In fact, indigenous people of the Congo Basin and bonobos eat many of the same foods.What Is A Bonobo?Where Do Bonobos Live?What Is The Bonobo Initiative?The Bonobo Conservation Initiative.For other uses, see Bonobo (disambiguation).The other species in genus Pan is Pan troglodytes, or the Common Chimpanzee.Although the name "chimpanzee" is sometimes used to refer to both species together, it is usually understood as referring to the Common Chimpanzee.German anatomist Ernst Schwarz is credited with having discovered the Bonobo in 1928, based on his analysis of a skull in the Tervuren museum in Belgium that had been thought to have belonged to a juvenile chimpanzee.In 1933, American anatomist Harold Coolidge offered a more detailed description of the Bonobo, and elevated it to species status.The species is distinguished by relatively long legs, a matriarchal culture, and the prominent role of sexual activity in its society.Physical characteristics
3 Psychological characteristics
3.Common name
The name Bonobo first appeared in 1954, when Edward Tratz and Heinz Heck proposed it as a new and separate generic term for pygmy chimpanzees.Another suggestion is that the name is a misspelling of the name of the town of Bolobo on the Congo River, which has been associated with the collection of chimps in the 1920s.Taxonomy
The scientific name for the Bonobo is Pan paniscus.More recent studies have shown that chimps are more closely related to humans than to gorillas.But there is still controversy.Wayne State University in Detroit argue that the Bonobo and Common Chimpanzee are so closely related to humans, their genus name should also be classified with the Human genus Homo: Homo paniscus, Homo sylvestris, or Homo arboreus.In either case, a name change of the genus is problematic because it complicates the taxonomy of other species closely related to humans, including Australopithecus.Recent DNA evidence suggests the Bonobo and Common Chimpanzee species effectively separated from each other less than one million years ago.The chimpanzee line split from the last common ancestor with the Human approximately four to six million years ago.The Bonobo is more gracile (slight in form) than the Common Chimpanzee.Its head is smaller than that of the Common Chimpanzee with less prominent eyebrow ridges.The Bonobo also has a slim upper body, narrow shoulders, thin neck, and long legs compared with the Common Chimpanzee.Common Chimpanzee (see: bipedal Bonobos).Moreover, the Bonobo has highly individuated facial features, as humans do, so that one individual can look significantly different from another, adapted for visual recognition in social interaction.Psychological characteristics
Frans de Waal, one of the world's leading primatologists, states that the Bonobo is often capable of altruism, compassion, empathy, kindness, patience and sensitivity.Parties of males 'patrol' for the unfortunate neighbouring males who might be traveling alone, and attack those single males, often killing them.Some researchers have suggested, however, that this behaviour has been caused by a combination of human contact and interference and massive environmental stress caused by deforestation and a corresponding range reduction.This does not appear to be the behavior of the Bonobo males or females, both of which seem to prefer sexual contact over violent confrontation with outsiders.The Bonobo lives in different areas from the more aggressive Common Chimpanzee.Neither of the species swims, and they sometimes inhabit ranges on opposite sides of the great Congo River.It has been hypothesized that Bonobos are able to live a more peaceful lifestyle in part because of an abundance of nutritious vegetation in their natural habitat, allowing them to travel and forage in large parties.The popular image of the Bonobo as a "peaceful ape" has come under fire.Accounts exist of Bonobos in zoos mutilating one another and engaging in bullying.Bonobo society is dominated by females, and severing the lifelong alliance between mothers and their male offspring may make them vulnerable to female aggression.De Waal has warned of the danger of romanticizing Bonobos: "All animals are competitive by nature and cooperative only under specific circumstances" as well as writing that "When first writing about their behavior, I spoke of 'sex for peace' precisely because bonobos had plenty of conflicts.There would obviously be no need for peacemaking if they lived in perfect harmony".In marked contrast to the Common Chimpanzee there are no confirmed reports of lethal aggression between Bonobos, either in the wild or in captivity.The immature state of Bonobo research in the wild compared to that of the Common Chimpanzee, however, means that lethal aggression may yet be discovered.Primatologist Gottfried Hohmann has observed one incident in the field that he suspects resulted in a fatality.Sexual activity happens within the immediate family as well as outside it, and often involves adults and children, even infants.Bonobos do not form permanent relationships with individual partners.When Bonobos come upon a new food source or feeding ground, the increased excitement will usually lead to communal sexual activity, presumably decreasing tension and allowing for peaceful feeding.Bonobos are individually stronger, they cannot stand alone against a united group of females.Adolescent females often leave their native community to join another community.This migration mixes the Bonobo gene pools, providing genetic diversity.Bonobo reproductive rates are not any higher than that of the Common Chimpanzee.Female Bonobos carry and nurse their young for five years and can give birth every five to six years.Compared with Common Chimpanzees, Bonobo females resume the genital swelling cycle much sooner after giving birth, allowing them to rejoin the sexual activities of their society.Also, Bonobo females who are either sterile or too young to reproduce still engage in sexual activity.Craig Stanford, an American primatologist, has challenged the claim that Bonobos are more sexually active than Common Chimpanzees.Stanford compared existing data on Common Chimpanzees and Bonobos in the natural habitat and found that female Common Chimpanzees copulated at least as often as female Bonobos, while male chimpanzees actually copulated more than male Bonobos.De Waal's book on Bonobos includes interviews with field workers and relies on the studies by Takayoshi Kano, the only scientist to have worked for two decades with wild Bonobos.Kano's work supports claims about the Bonobos' pronounced sexual tendencies and their relative peacefulness.Strong female bonding allows groups of female Bonobos to dominate the community.Aggressive encounters between males and females are rare, and males are tolerant of infants and juveniles.While social hierarchies do exist, rank does not play as prominent a role as it does in other primate societies.Unlike Common Chimpanzees, who are known to hunt monkeys, Bonobos are primarily frugivores, although they do eat insects and have been observed occasionally catching small mammals such as squirrels and duikers.Two Bonobos at the Great Ape Trust, Kanzi and Panbanisha, have been taught a vocabulary of over 3,000 words which they can type using a special keyboard of lexigrams (geometric symbols), and they can respond to spoken sentences.Some, such as bioethicist Peter Singer, argue that these results qualify them for the "rights to survival and life," rights that humans theoretically accord to all persons.Democratic Republic of Congo of central Africa.They are an endangered species, due to both habitat loss and hunting for bushmeat, the latter activity having increased dramatically during the current civil war due to the presence of heavily armed militias even in remote "protected" areas such as Salonga National Park.Today, at most several thousand Bonobos remain.Conservation efforts
Since the 1990s, war in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has had a major impact on both the Bonobo and human population.Bonobos are in danger of being hunted to extinction.The key to Bonobo conservation efforts is balancing these issues.As the Bonobo's habitat is shared with people, the ultimate success of conservation efforts will rely on local and community involvement.Cuvette Centrale, the Bonobo's range.Congolese resistance to establishing national parks, as indigenous communities have often been driven from their forest homes by the establishment of parks.In Salonga, the only existing national park in the Bonobo habitat, there is no local involvement, and recent surveys indicate that the Bonobo, the African Forest Elephant, and other species have been severely devastated by poachers and the thriving bushmeat trade.In contrast to this, there are areas where the Bonobo and biodiversity still thrive without any established parks, due to the indigenous beliefs and taboos against killing Bonobos.NGOs) were driven out of the Bonobo habitat.In 2002, the Bonobo Conservation Initiative initiated the Bonobo Peace Forest Project in cooperation with national institutions, local NGOs and local communities.This initiative has been gaining momentum and greater international recognition and has recently gained greater support through Conservation International, the Global Conservation Fund, United States Fish and Wildlife Service's Great Ape Conservation Fund, and the United Nations' Great Apes Survival Project.In 1995, concern over declining numbers of bonobos in the wild led the Zoological Society of Milwaukee in Milwaukee, Wis.Action Plan for Pan paniscus: A Report on Free Ranging Populations and Proposals for their Preservation.The plan identifies priority actions for bonobo conservation and serves as a reference for developing conservation programs for researchers, government officials and donor agencies.Acting on Action Plan recommendations, the ZSM developed the Bonobo and Congo Biodiversity Initiative (BCBI).The Zoological Society has conducted regional surveys within the range of the bonobo in conjunction with training Congolese researchers in survey methodology and biodiversity monitoring.Salonga National Park to determine the conservation status of the bonobo within the park and to provide financial and technical assistance to strengthen park protection.As the project has developed, the Zoological Socity has become more involved in helping the Congolese living in bonobo habitat.The Zoological Society has built schools, hired teachers, provided some medicines, and, as of 2007, started an agriculture project to help the Congolese learn to grow crops and depend less on hunting wild animals.Provide training, literacy education, agricultural techniques, schools, equipment and jobs for Congolese living near bonobo habitats so that they will have a vested interest in protecting the great apes.Congo Basin Forest Partnership.This significant investment has triggered the involvement of international NGOs to establish bases in the region and work to develop Bonobo conservation programs.This initiative should improve the likelihood of Bonobo survival, but its success may still depend upon building greater involvement and capability in local and indigenous communities.In addition, concerned parties have addressed the crisis on several science and ecological websites.Organizations like the World Wide Fund for Nature, the African Wildlife Foundation, and others are trying to focus attention on the extreme risk to the species.Some have suggested that a reserve be established in a less unstable part of Africa, or on an island in a place like Indonesia.Bonobos with little risk or discomfort.Listed as Endangered (EN A4cd v3.Frans de Waal, Frans Lanting (1997) Bonobo: The Forgotten Ape, University of California Press.Kanzi: the ape at the brink of the human mind."Divergence time and population size in the lineage leading to modern humans".The Chimpanzee Sequencing and Analysis Consortium (2005)."Evidence for a Complex Demographic History of Chimpanzees".Bonobo Sex and Society.Frans de Waal, "Bonobo Sex and Society" in Scientific American (March 1995), p.The social behavior of chimpanzees and bonobos.The Last Ape: Pygmy Chimpanzee Behavior and Ecology.Reid, John, Parks and people, not parks vs.BBC images and movies of the bonobo (Pan paniscus)
Evolution: Why Sex?Wildlife Service Species Profile
The Bonobo Way: Peace through Pleasure
"The Last Great Ape", an episode of Nova.All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.See Copyrights for details."Are you sure you want to block this user?Band Membersbody table, tr, td table table table table table table table table table table table table td table table table table td body, div, span, td, p, ."Are you sure you want to delete this comment?"Happy New Year Bonobo.Keep pursuing your dreams in the coming year ?Hi mister, how are you ?Hope you enjoyed listening to our music as i enjoy listening to yours !So, wish you all the best for 2008 !Bonobo all day today.Coming to the states anytime soon?Happy new year, happy new tracks!!!Hope you had a great christmas and new year!!Weve also set up our own website www.Waiting to see you again touring in France, last time was absolutely lovely!We listen to your sounds in buckles when we painted.We owed thank you for it continuous it is too good."Urgent Security Alert","Warning: You are submitting information to an outside site.This could be an attempt to steal your username and password.This is not a MySpace login page, please do not enter your MySpace login information (email address or password).Do you wish to continue your form submission?"Id + " Text: " + targetLink.If You Stayed OverCat no.Bonobo's third album, 'Days To Come', is out NOW and is his best album yet.This gorgeous album shows in all its glory the varied, yet entirely coherent sound that Bonobo has made his own.Here are some selected press quotes that may convince you to check it out."One listen was enough to convince me to bestow 5 stars on this.Bonobo's third album, 'Days To Come', is due in October and is his best album yet.The three song single, available NOW , shows in all its glory the varied, yet entirely coherent sound that Bonobo has made his own.If You Stayed Over' showcases the inspired pairing of Bonobo with fellow Ninja artist Fink.The final track 'Recurring' had a sneak outing on Simon's Solid Steel mix and is a perfect example of the new high reached in Bonobo's songwriting.The new record titled Days To Come is now finished and due for release Oct 2nd on Ninjatune.Make your design look like a stencil: type stencil!Click the Purchase Options button below to view pricing and availability information.Bonobo
Bonobo is a snarky, slab serif with cute curls, three weights and delightfully casual italics.Bonobo is available in OpenType, Mac PostScript and Windows TrueType format.The OpenType and TrueType formats of Bonobo have accents for: Albanian, Catalan, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Icelandic, Italian, Norwegian, Spanish and Swedish.Bonobo's Restaurant is New York City's newest
and most spectacular Vegetarian Restaurant.It never fails to amaze me how swiftly a moment of fortune can so easily become a noose round the neck.In the case of Bonobo the moment, or perhaps the year, of fortune came when he released his debut album 'Animal Magic', at the precise time that 'chill' was the buzz word on everyone's lips.Never mind the fact that, even on the evidence of those first efforts, he was a truly gifted producer, you can't beat the power of the buzz.As is the way of these things, the buzz became the murmur, and soon became the background hum, as endless chillout comps, ads, and media campaigns swamped the shore of our consciousness.He upped the stakes, and indeed, even stuck his neck out, moving from his original label Tru Thoughts to Ninja Tune, and set about taking things to the next level.Cos it's all about the levels with Bonobo.You can engage with a Bonobo tune in that way if you wish, and will be well rewarded for it.But it's the deeper, slightly hidden levels that you should investigate, for they bring the greatest prize.Dial M For Monkey' showed the set of brass balls that Bonobo (like his namesake) had, and these would be tested again as he set about building his live band.Now a DJ of international repute, Bonobo has played all over the world, including playing to huge audiences in the USA and Canada with Amon Tobin, a progress culminating in Ninja Tune asking him to put together a Solid Steel mix album.Bugger the lounge, lets dance."Lots of live shit", says Bonobo."More energy and a bigger, heavier sound". |
