| Look up cold in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.Cold describes the condition of low temperature."Cold" (song) , a 2004 single by Crossfade
"Cold" (Italian promo), a song by German pop band Fools Garden."Cold" (Tears for Fears song), a 1993 single by Tears for Fears from their album Elemental
"Cold," a 2003 song by Matchbox Twenty from their album More Than You Think You Are.This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title.If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.This page was last modified 12:54, 20 December 2007.Symptoms
3 Complications
4 Economic cost
5 Prevention
6 Exposure to cold weather
7 Treatment
7.Acute viral nasopharyngitis, or acute coryza, usually known as the common cold, is a highly contagious, viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory system, primarily caused by picornaviruses or coronaviruses.Common symptoms are sore throat, runny nose, nasal congestion, sneezing and cough; sometimes accompanied by muscle aches, fatigue, malaise, headache, muscle weakness, or loss of appetite.Fever and extreme exhaustion are more usual in influenza.The symptoms of a cold usually resolve after about one week, but can last up to 14 days.The annual cumulative societal cost of the common cold in the United States is billions of dollars.Most available medications are palliative and treat symptoms only.Megadoses of vitamin C, preparations from echinacea, and zinc gluconate have been studied as treatments for the common cold although none has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration or European Medicines Agency.Children may have six to ten colds a year (and up to 12 colds a year for school children).In the United States, the incidence of colds is higher in the fall and winter, with most infections occurring between September and April.The seasonality may be due to the start of the school year, or due to people spending more time indoors (thus in closer proximity with each other) increasing the chance of transmission of the virus.Virus
Common colds are most often caused by infection by one of the more than 100 serotypes of rhinovirus, a type of picornavirus.Other viruses causing colds are coronavirus, human parainfluenza viruses, human respiratory syncytial virus, adenoviruses, enteroviruses, or metapneumovirus.Due to the many different types of viruses, it is not possible to gain complete immunity to the common cold.The common cold virus is transmitted between people by one of two ways:
in aerosol form generated by coughing, sneezing, or
from contact with the saliva or nasal secretions of an infected person, either directly or from contaminated surfaces.The infectious period (time during which an infected person can infect others) begins about one day before symptoms begin, and continues for the first five days of the illness.After initial infection, the viral replication cycle begins within 8 to 12 hours.Symptoms can occur shortly thereafter, and usually begin within 2 to 5 days after infection, although occasionally in as little as 10 hours after infection.The first indication of a cold is often a sore or scratchy throat.Other common symptoms are runny nose, congestion, sneezing and cough.Colds occasionally cause fever and can sometimes lead to extreme exhaustion.However, these symptoms are more usual in influenza, and can differentiate the two infections.The symptoms of a cold usually resolve after about one week, but can last up to 14 days, with a cough lasting longer than other symptoms.Symptoms may be more severe in infants and young children, and may include fever and hives.The common cold can lead to opportunistic coinfections or superinfections such as acute bronchitis, bronchiolitis, croup, pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis media, or strep throat.People with chronic lung diseases such as asthma and COPD are especially vulnerable.Colds may cause acute exacerbations of asthma, emphysema or chronic bronchitis.This article or section deals primarily with the United States and does not represent a worldwide view of the subject.Please improve this article or discuss the issue on the talk page.United States), but also has implications for antibiotic resistance from overuse of such drugs.An estimated 22 to 189 million school days are missed annually due to a cold.Prevention
The best way to avoid a cold is to avoid close contact with existing sufferers; to wash hands thoroughly and regularly; and to avoid touching the mouth and face.The common cold is caused by a large variety of viruses, which mutate quite frequently during reproduction, resulting in constantly changing virus strains.It concludes that the onset of common cold symptoms can be caused by acute chilling of the feet, but that "further studies are needed to determine the relationship of symptom generation to any respiratory infection."Treatment
As there is no medically proven and accepted medication directly targeting the causative agent, there is no cure for the common cold.Treatment is limited to symptomatic supportive options, maximizing the comfort of the patient, and limiting complications and harmful sequelae.Within a few days, the body's humoral immune response begins producing specific antibodies that can prevent the virus from infecting cells.In healthy, immunocompetent individuals, the common cold resolves in seven days on average.The American Lung Association recommends avoiding coffee, tea or cola drinks that contain caffeine and avoiding alcoholic beverages.Both caffeine and alcohol cause dehydration.Antibiotics
Antibiotics do not have any beneficial effect against the common cold.Their use in cases of common cold infection is ineffective and may contribute to antibiotic resistance of bacteria present in the patient's body.Antivirals
There are no approved antiviral drugs for the common cold.Plough are developing an antiviral drug, pleconaril, that targets picornaviruses, the viruses that cause the majority of common colds.Pleconaril has been shown to be effective in an oral form.For some people, colds are relatively minor inconveniences and they can go on with their daily activities with tolerable discomfort.Herbal teas, such as chamomile tea, or lemon or ginger root tisanes may soothe some symptoms and comfort the patient.Liquorice and garlic preparations have been suggested as treatments for the common cold, although their effectiveness is unproven.Echinacea, commonly called coneflowers, is a plant commonly used in herbal preparations for the treatment of the common cold.Although there have been scientific studies evaluating echinacea, its effectiveness has not been convincingly demonstrated.Most authoritative sources consider the effect of echinacea on the cold unproven.Vitamin C and the Common Cold.More therapeutic trials are necessary to settle the question, especially in children who have not entered these trials."Zinc preparations
Zinc acetate and zinc gluconate have been tested as potential treatments for the common cold, in various dosage form including nasal sprays, nasal gels, and lozenges.Some studies have shown some effect of zinc preparations on the duration of the common cold, but conclusions are diverse.Even studies that show clinical effect have not demonstrated the mechanism of action.For example, there is evidence that the potential efficacy of zinc gluconate lozenges may be affected by other food acids (citric acid, ascorbic acid and glycine) present in the lozenge.Furthermore, interpretation of the results depends on whether concentration of total zinc or ionic zinc is considered.Use of high doses of zinc for more than two weeks may cause copper depletion, which leads to anemia.Some users of nasal spray applicators containing zinc have reported temporary or permanent loss of sense of smell.Authoritative sources consider the effect of zinc preparations on the cold unproven.Steam inhalation
Many people believe that steam inhalation reduces symptoms of the cold.There have been reports of children being badly burned when using steam inhalation to alleviate cold symptoms leading to the recommendation to "...Chicken soup
In the twelfth century, Moses Maimonides wrote, "Chicken soup...Since then, there have been numerous reports that chicken soup alleviates the symptoms of the common cold in the United States.Nevertheless, hot chicken soup is nutritious and easy to eat, aids in rehydration, and provides a temporary feeling of relief."Definition of a Cold."Benjamin Franklin's notes for a paper he intended to write on the common cold.The name "common cold" came into use in the 16th century, due to the similarity between its symptoms and those of exposure to cold weather.In the 18th century, Benjamin Franklin considered the causes and prevention of the common cold.Although viruses had not yet been discovered, Franklin hypothesized that the common cold was passed between people through the air.He recommended exercise, bathing, and moderation in food and drink consumption to avoid the common cold.Franklin's theory on the transmission of the cold was confirmed some 150 years later.In the United Kingdom, the Common Cold Unit was set up by the civilian Medical Research Council in 1946 .The unit worked with volunteers who were infected with various viruses.In the late 1950s, researchers were able to grow one of these cold viruses in a tissue culture, as it would not grow in fertilized chicken eggs, the method used for many other viruses.The unit was closed in 1989, two years after it completed research of zinc gluconate lozenges in the prophylaxis and treatment of rhinovirus colds."Treatment of the common cold".Common Cold (Upper Respiratory Infection).Common Cold (Topic Review).Nordenberg, Tamar (May 1999).Colds and Flu: Time Only Sure Cure.Survival Guide for Preventing and Treating Influenza and the Common Cold.American Lung Association (August 2005).Dowling HF, Jackson GG, Spiesman IG, Inouye T (1958)."Transmission of the common cold to volunteers under controlled conditions."Acute cooling of the body surface and the common cold"."Exposure to cold environment and rhinovirus common cold.Failure to demonstrate effect".Johnson C, Eccles R (2005)."Acute cooling of the feet and the onset of common cold symptoms".Effects of Pleconaril Nasal Spray on Common Cold Symptoms and Asthma Exacerbations Following Rhinovirus Exposure (Study P04295AM2)."An Evaluation of Echinacea angustifolia in Experimental Rhinovirus Infections".Barrett BP, Brown RL, Locken K, Maberry R, Bobula JA, D'Alessio D (2002)."Treatment of the common cold with unrefined echinacea."Treatment of the common cold with echinacea: a structured review"."Echinacea for preventing and treating the common cold".Taylor JA, Weber W, Standish L, Quinn H, Goesling J, McGann M, Calabrese C (2003)."Efficacy and safety of echinacea in treating upper respiratory tract infections in children: a randomized controlled trial".Pauling L, The Significance of the Evidence about Ascorbic Acid and the Common Cold, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.Vitamin C and the common cold."Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold"."Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold".Padayatty SL et al, "Vitamin C Pharmacokinetics: Implications for Oral and Intravenous Use," Ann Intern Med.Researchers Question Government Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) for vitamin C, PR Web, July 7, 2004.Eby GA, Davis DR, Halcomb WW (1984).Macknin, ML (January 1999)."Zinc lozenges for the common cold".Jackson, Emil Lesho and Cecily Peterson (2000)."Efficacy of zinc against common cold viruses: an overview"."Zinc lozenges: cold cure or candy?Zinc and the Common Cold: What Pharmacists Need to Know.Barton JC, Bertoli LF (1997)."Zinc gluconate lozenges for treating the common cold".Braun BL, Fowles JB, Solberg L, Kind E, Healey M, Anderson R (2000)."Patient beliefs about the characteristics, causes, and care of the common cold: an update"."Effect of inhaling heated vapor on symptoms of the common cold"."Heated, humidified air for the common cold".The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2)."Steam inhalation treatment for children".British Journal of General Practice 55.Rosner, F (October 1980)."Chicken Soup Inhibits Neutrophil Chemotaxis In Vitro"."Chicken soup rebound and relapse of pneumonia"."Is chicken soup an essential drug?".Canadian Medical Association Journal 161 (12).Scientist and Inventor: Benjamin Franklin: In His Own Words...Andrewes CH, Lovelock JE, Sommerville T (1951)."An experiment on the transmission of colds".Higgins PG, Barrow I, Batstone G, Tyrrell DA."Prophylaxis and treatment of rhinovirus colds with zinc gluconate lozenges".External links
Duenwald, Mary."Keeping Colds at Bay.Canadian Pediatric Society (October 2005).US Food and Drug Administration, May 2000.What to Do for Colds and Flu
Common Cold Links to health information from MedlinePlus
Common Cold syllabus from Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology, by Neal Chamberlain, PhD.This page was last modified 20:43, 14 January 2008.See Copyrights for details.Sponsored LinksFeeling Run Down?The skaters were cold.She remained cold to his advances.When the doctor arrived, the body was already cold.The dogs lost the cold scent.Cold shooting and poor rebounding were their undoing.Everyone suffered from the intense cold.He felt the cold of the steel door against his cheek.He can't take the cold.Also called common cold.He learned his speech cold.She had to play the lead role cold.He quit the job cold.The wire was drawn cold.We all caught cold during that dreadful winter.Since the new government promised amnesty, fugitive rebels are coming in from the cold.After the baby came, the young husband felt left out in the cold.Also, out in the cold.They threw cold water on her hopes to take acting classes.Cold, chill, chilly, cool refer to various degrees of absence of heat.Cold refers to temperature possibly so low as to cause suffering: cold water.Chill suggests a penetrating cold which causes shivering and numbness: There was a chill wind blowing.Cool means merely somewhat cold, not warm: cool and comfortable.All have figurative uses.Marked by deficient heat: a cold room.Being at a temperature that is less than what is required: cold oatmeal.Chilled by refrigeration or ice: cold beer.Not affectionate or friendly; aloof: a cold person; a cold nod.Exhibiting or feeling no enthusiasm: a cold audience; a cold response to the new play; a concert that left me cold.Marked by or sustaining a loss of body heat: cold hands and feet.Dead: was cold in his grave.Marked by deficient heat: a cold room.Being at a temperature that is less than what is required: cold oatmeal.Chilled by refrigeration or ice: cold beer.Not affectionate or friendly; aloof: a cold person; a cold nod.Exhibiting or feeling no enthusiasm: a cold audience; a cold response to the new play; a concert that left me cold.Devoid of sexual desire; frigid.Marked by or sustaining a loss of body heat: cold hands and feet.Dead: was cold in his grave.Having no appeal to the senses or feelings: a cold decor.Not affectionate or friendly; aloof: a cold person; a cold nod.Exhibiting or feeling no enthusiasm: a cold audience; a cold response to the new play; a concert that left me cold.Devoid of sexual desire; frigid.Marked by or sustaining a loss of body heat: cold hands and feet.Appearing to be dead; unconscious.Dead: was cold in his grave.Designating a tone or color, such as pale gray, that suggests little warmth.Having lost all freshness or vividness through passage of time: dogs attempting to catch a cold scent.Marked by or sustaining a loss of body heat: cold hands and feet.Dead: was cold in his grave.Marked by unqualified certainty or sure familiarity.So intense as to be almost uncontrollable: cold fury.Characterized by repeated failure, especially in a sport or competitive activity: The team fell into a slump of cold shooting.To an unqualified degree; totally: was cold sober.With complete finality: We turned him down cold.Without advance preparation or introduction: took the exam cold and passed; walked in cold and got the new job.The sensation resulting from lack of warmth; chill.Also called common cold, coryza.Synonyms: These adjectives mean marked by a low or an extremely low temperature: cold air; an arctic climate; a chilly day; cool water; a frigid room; a frosty morning; gelid seas; glacial winds; icy hands.Japanese has two words for "cold:" samui for coldness in the atmosphere or environment; tsumetai for things which are cold to touch, and also in the fig.Cold feet is Amer.Lombard proverb meaning "to have no money."Cold shoulder (1816, first in Sir Walter Scott), is probably originally a literal figure, but commonly used with a punning reference to "cold shoulder of mutton," a dish.Cold War used in print Oct.Share This
cold In addition to the idioms beginning with cold, also see blow hot and cold; catch cold; come in from the cold; in a cold sweat; in cold blood; in cold storage; in the cold light of day; knock out (cold); leave one cold; make one's blood run cold; out cold; out in the cold; pour cold water on; stone cold; stop cold.Published by Houghton Mifflin Company.Example: I feel cold.Example: His manner was cold.Example: She has gone to live in the South of France because she cannot bear the cold in Britain; He was blue with cold.Example: He has a bad cold; She has caught a cold; You might catch cold.Share This
COLD 1.Share This
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Cold Spring Harbor, NY (CDP, FIPS 16958) Location: 40.Jude Law (Best Actor, COLD MOUNTAIN).At the dawn of the Civil War, the men of Cold Mountain, North Carolina, rush to join the Confederate army.Ada (Kidman) has vowed to wait for Inman (Law), but as the war drags on and letters go unanswered, she must find the will to survive.At war's end, hearts will be dashed, dreams fulfilled, and the strength of the human spirit tested ...Rating: RFor violence and sexuality."Climbing COLD MOUNTAIN" Documentary (70 Min."Making Of" Special (28 Min.Digital Surround Sound, Dolby Digital 5.LONGRead a Cold War thriller written by CNN.Cable News Network, Inc.Terms under which this service is provided to you.Read our privacy guidelines.Receive FREE Ice Cream on Your Birthday!"Are you sure you want to block this user?For Facebook, I need your help in the masses Cold Army!YOUR favorite Cold album?!Check out Sam McCandless band CARNY!Message From Scooter Ward
After playing together for over 20 years, Cold have decided to disband.We had a great career and we thank the Cold Army for all their support and love throughout our span.The members of Cold are greatful for the music we made and the accomplishments we have.And I would like to have yalls support on my new project "When November Falls.""Are you sure you want to delete this comment?"Its real music, coming from the soul.Will you guys ever come out with another album?Planning my Cold tattoo.Hey this my tributevideo.Hope I make it on the tops list...Our new track LOOK BACK is now available as a free download.It will help us get some airplay, and then hopefully we can quit our jobs and become rockstars.Have an undead weekend!!!Thanx again guys for the song sting me!Thank you for befriending me.Terry, Kelly, Scooter, Sam, Jeremy...LOVE YOU MUSIC HAVE IT ALL WHEN ARE YOU COMING TO COLUMBUS OHIO ...WOULD BE THE GREARTEST ...IF YOU WILL ITS UNDER MY OZZY PICS THANK YOU YOUR FRIEND ALWAY ....If you like Cold and you are looking for some new rock music stop by and check out Candella.DIPPIN THRU TO SHOW SUPPORT. |
![Dry Cell : [2002] Disconnected](/covers/18/18538/alb_75166_th.jpg "Dry Cell : [2002] Disconnected")
