|
 |
 |
Crazy Horse |
 |
|
|
|
|
|
Info: Biography, Pictures, Discography of all CDs & DVDs |
|
| Crazy Horse Memorial Foundation.Celebrated for his ferocity in battle, Crazy Horse was recognized among his own people as a visionary leader committed to preserving the traditions and values of the Lakota way of life.Even as a young man, Crazy Horse was a legendary warrior.Crow Indians before he was thirteen, and led his first war party
before turning twenty.Crazy Horse became a
leader of the resistance.Gall charged from
the south and east.Even in defeat, Crazy Horse remained an independent spirit, and in September 1877, when he left the reservation without authorization, to take his sick wife to her parents, General George Crook ordered him arrested, fearing that he was plotting a return to battle.Crazy Horse did not resist arrest at first, but when he realized that he was being led to a guardhouse, he began to struggle, and while his arms were held by one of the arresting officers, a soldier ran him through with a bayonet.Nephew of SPOTTED TAIL .Rapid City, South Dakota, to the east of Paha Sapa, the Black Hills.His mother died when he was young, and his father took her sister as a wife and she helped raise Crazy Horse.His childhood name was Curly.Wyoming when the Brule leader was killed in the GRATTAN Fight.Sioux territory along the Oregon Trail, experiences that helped shape his militant attitude toward whites.Crazy Horse rode for the first time as an adult warrior in a raid on Crows.Like the rider in his dream, he wore his hair free, a stone earring, and a headdress with a red hawk feather in it.The raid was successful, but Crazy Horse received a wound in the leg, because, his father interpreted, unlike the rider in the vision, he had taken two scalps.For the remainder of his career as a warrior, it is said that Crazy Horse never again took a scalp.Near Fort Phil Kearny, Wyoming, Crazy Horse participated in the Indian victories known as the FETTERMAN Fight of December 21, 1866, and the Wagon Box Fight of August 2, 1867.Crazy Horse became war chief of the Oglalas, with some Brule followers as well.Moreover, he made friends and followers among the Northern Cheyennes through his first marriage to a Cheyenne woman.Crazy Horse again waged war in the early 1870s, leading his warriors in raids on Northern Pacific Railway surveyors.In March 1876, when his scouts discovered an Indian trail, General GEORGE CROOK sent a detachment under Colonel Joseph Reynolds to locate the Indian camp along the Powder in southeastern Montana.The Indians retreated to surrounding bluffs and fired at the troops who burned the village and rounded up the Indian horses.Crazy Horse regrouped his warriors and, during a snowstorm that night, recaptured the herd.Crazy Horse joined the Hunkpapas on the upper Rosebud.The Indians then moved their camp to the Bighorn River.Following Little Bighorn, the Indian bands split up, and Crazy Horse led his people back to the Rosebud.The next autumn and winter, Colonel NELSON A.On January 8, 1877, at Wolf Mountain on the Tongue River in southern Montana, Crazy Horse led 800 braves in a surprise attack.Miles had disguised his howitzers as wagons and opened fire with them.The Indians withdrew to bluffs and, when the soldiers counterattacked, retreated under the cover of a snowstorm.Crazy Horse received a promise from Crook through Red Cloud that if he surrendered, his people would have a reservation of their own in the Powder River country.His people weary and starving, Crazy Horse led some 800 followers to Fort Robinson on the Red Cloud Agency in northwestern Nebraska on May 5, 1877.Crazy Horse remained at the Red Cloud Agency, and his presence caused unrest among the Indians and suspicion among the whites.On hearing unfounded rumors that Crazy Horse was planning a rebellion, Crook ordered his arrest.Taking his family with him, Crazy Horse headed for the Spotted Tail Agency to the northwest.In a parley with troops sent to capture him, Crazy Horse agreed to return, and the next day, September 5, 1877, he was led back to Fort Robinson.It is thought Crazy Horse had not expected to be imprisoned.Crazy Horse died that night.See also RED CLOUD ; SITTING BULL .For other uses, see Crazy Horse (disambiguation).Title of Shirt Wearer
1.The available evidence suggests that Crazy Horse was born in the fall of 1840.According to He Dog, a close friend, he and Crazy Horse "were both born in the same year and at the same season of the year", which census records and other interviews place at about 1840.Chips, an Oglala medicine man and spiritual adviser to the Oglala war leader, reported that Crazy Horse was born "in the year in which the band to which he belonged, the Oglala, stole One Hundred Horses, and in the fall of the year", a reference to the annual Lakota calendar or winter count.Probably the most credible source, however, is Crazy Horse's own father.On the evening of his son's death, the elderly man told Lieutenant H.Ha) meaning he was one with nature.He had the same light curly hair of his mother.Family
Crazy Horse's father, a Lakota who was also named Crazy Horse (born 1810), passed the name to his son, taking the new name of Worm for himself thereafter.The mother of the younger Crazy Horse was Rattling Blanket Woman (born 1814), a Lakota as well.Black Buffalo is the one who stopped Lewis and Clark on the Bad River.She was the younger sister of One Horn (born 1794) and Lone Horn (born between 1790 and 1795, and died in 1875).She also had an older sister named Good Looking Woman (born 1810) and a younger sister named Looks At It (born 1815), later given the name They Are Afraid of Her.Hump's mother was Good Voice Woman and Black Buffalo's second wife.When Waglula began to court Hump's half sister, he presented three horses to the family head Lone Horn (the older sibling One Horn had died earlier after being gored by a buffalo, making Lone Horn the oldest male and head man of the family.In return for the three horses he hoped he could take Rattling Blanket Woman as his wife as was the custom.In 1844 Waglula (Worm) went on a buffalo hunt.He led his small contingent in and rescued the village.Corn who was the head man of the village (the famed painter, George Catlin painted his picture while visiting the tribe in 1832 entitled "Corn, Miniconjou Warrior") had lost his wife in the raid.Corn's youngest daughter, Red Leggins, who was 15 at the time requested to go with her sisters and all would become Waglula's wives.When he got back to his village and his wife, Rattling Blanket Woman, found out about his new wives she became distraught.She and Waglula had been attempting to conceive another child, but had failed.At the time they were camped along the White River.Waglula turned her down as a wife, but relented in allowing her to raise her sister's son, Crazy Horse.Later, Crazy Horse's other aunt They Are Afraid of Her helped in the raising of Crazy Horse.She helped teach him to hunt and take care of himself.After witnessing the death of Lakota leader Conquering Bear, Crazy Horse began to get trance visions.His father Waglula (Worm) took him to what today is Sylvan Lake where they both sat to hemblecha (vision quest).Black Hills and they could not always see where they were going.Crazy Horse sat in between two humps that were at the top of a hill just a bit north and to the east of the lake.Waglula sat just a little south of Harney Peak but north of his son.Crazy Horse's vision first took him to the South where in Lakota spirituality you go when you die.One of his animal protectors would be the white owl, which according to Lakota spirituality would give extended life.His face paint was similar to his father's except his father used a red lightning strike down the right side of his face and three red hailstones on his forehead.Crazy Horse wore a yellow lightning strike down the left side of his face but put no make up on his forehead and did not wear a war bonnet.He was also given a sacred song that is still sung today and told he would be a protector of his people.Crazy Horse also received a black stone from a medicine man named Horn Chips to protect his horse, a black and white paint he had named 'Inyan' meaning rock or stone.Title of Shirt Wearer
Through the late 1850s and early 1860s, Crazy Horse's reputation as a warrior grew, as did his fame among the Lakota.Little written record exists because the Lakota were oral historians and had no written language.He was in many battles between the Lakota and their enemies, the Crow, Shoshone, Pawnee, Blackfeet, and Arikara among others.In 1864 after the Sand Creek Massacre of the Cheyenne in Colorado, the Lakota joined forces with the Cheyenne against the military.Crazy Horse was present at the Battle of Red Buttes and the Platte River Bridge Station Battle in 1865.Because of his fighting ability, Crazy Horse was installed as an Ogle Tanka Un (Shirt Wearer or war leader) in 1865.Fetterman Massacre
On December 21, 1866, Crazy Horse and six other warriors, both Lakota and Cheyenne, decoyed Lt.Crazy Horse personally led Fetterman's infantry up what Wyoming locals call Massacre Hill while Grummond's cavalry followed the other six decoys along Peno Head Ridge and down towards Peno Creek where some Cheyenne women were taunting the soldiers.At that moment, the Cheyenne leader Little Wolf's and his warriors closed the return route to the fort.They had been hiding on the opposite side of Peno Head Ridge.There were additional Cheyenne and Lakota hiding in the buckbrush along Peno Creek behind the taunting women, effectively surrounding the soldiers.In some history books it is known as Red Cloud's War however Red Cloud was not present that day.The ambush was the worst Army defeat on the Great Plains at the time.Wagon Box Fight
On August 2, 1867 Crazy Horse participated in the Wagon Box Fight near Fort Phil Kearny.However, most of the soldiers made it to a circle of wagon boxes that had no wheels and used them for cover as they fired at the Lakota.The Lakota would charge after the soldiers fired, expecting them to still be using the muskets that took about 20 seconds to reload.First and second wives
In the fall of 1867, Crazy Horse invited Black Buffalo Woman to accompany him on a buffalo hunt in the Slim Buttes area in what is now the northwestern corner of South Dakota.She was the wife of No Water.It was Lakota custom to allow a woman to divorce her husband at any time.She did so by moving in with relatives or with another man, or by placing the husband's belongings outside their lodge.Although some compensation might be required to smooth over hurt feelings, the rejected husband was expected to accept his wife's decision for the good of the tribe.No Water was away from camp when Crazy Horse and Black Buffalo Woman took off on their trip.No Water tracked down Crazy Horse and Black Buffalo Woman in the Slim Buttes area.When he found them in a tipi, he called Crazy Horse's name from outside the tipi.When Crazy Horse answered, No Water stuck a pistol into the tipi and aimed for Crazy Horse's heart.Touch the Cloud, Crazy Horse's first cousin and son of Lone Horn, was sitting in the tipi nearest to the entry and knocked the pistol upward as it fired, causing the bullet to hit Crazy Horse in the upper jaw.No Water took off with Crazy Horse's relatives in hot pursuit.No Water ran his horse until it died and continued on foot until he reached the safety of his own village.Several elders convinced Crazy Horse and No Water that no more blood should be shed and as compensation for the shooting, No Water gave Crazy Horse three horses.The elders also sent Black Shawl, a relative of Spotted Tail, to help heal Crazy Horse.Because of the incident, Crazy Horse was stripped of his title as Shirt Wearer (leader).At about the same time, Little Hawk was killed by a group of miners in the Black Hills while escorting some women to the new agency created by the Treaty of 1868.On August 14, 1872, Crazy Horse, along with Sitting Bull took part in the first attack by the Lakota on troops escorting a Northern Pacific Railroad survey crew.The Battle of Arrow Creek ended with minimal casualties on either side.On June 17, 1876, Crazy Horse led a combined group of approximately 1,500 Lakota and Cheyenne in a surprise attack against Brevet Brig.Battle of the Little Bighorn.June 25, 1876, Custer's 7th Cavalry attacked the Lakota and Cheyenne village, marking the beginning of the Battle of the Little Big Horn.Crazy Horse's exact actions during the battle are unknown.Possibly Crazy Horse entered the battle by repelling the first attack led by Maj.Marcus Reno, but it is also possible that he was still in his lodge waiting for the larger battle with Custer.Hunkpapa Warriors led by Chief Gall led the main body of the attack, and once again Crazy Horse's role in the battle remains ambiguous.Some historians think that Crazy Horse led a flanking assault, assuring the death of Custer and his men, the only fact that can be proven is that Crazy Horse was a major participant in the battle.Crazy Horse and his followers attempted to rescue the camp and its headman, (Old Man) American Horse.He was unsuccessful and American Horse and nearly his entire family were killed by the soldiers after holing up in a cave for several hours.On January 8, 1877, his warriors fought their last major battle, the Battle of Wolf Mountain, with the United States Cavalry in the Montana Territory.On May 5 of that year, knowing that his people were weakened by cold and hunger, Crazy Horse surrendered to United States troops at Camp Robinson in Nebraska.NOTE: As an indication of its permanent status, the designation "Camp" was changed to "Fort" in 1878.Surrender and death
Crazy Horse and other northern Oglala leaders arrived at the Red Cloud Agency, located near Camp Robinson, Nebraska, on May 5, 1877.Clark as the first step in their formal surrender.For the next four months, Crazy Horse resided in his village near the Red Cloud Agency.The attention that Crazy Horse received from the Army elicited the jealousy of Red Cloud and Spotted Tail, two Lakota who had long before come to the agencies and adopted the white ways.Rumors started to spread at the Red Cloud Agency and Spotted Tail Agency about Crazy Horse's desire to slip out of the agency and return to the old ways of life.In August 1877, officers at Camp Robinson received word that the Nez Perce of Chief Joseph had broken out of their reservations in Idaho and were fleeing north through Montana toward Canada.When asked by Lieutenant Clark to join the Army against the Nez Perce, Crazy Horse and the Miniconjou leader Touch the Clouds objected, saying that they had promised to remain at peace when they surrendered.According to one version of events, Crazy Horse finally agreed, saying that he would fight "till all the Nez Perce were killed".But his words were apparently misinterpreted by scout Frank Grouard who reported that Crazy Horse had said that he would "go north and fight until not a white man is left".Oglala leadership, however, this was cancelled when Crook was informed that Crazy Horse had said the previous evening that he intended to kill the general during the proceedings.Crook ordered Crazy Horse's arrest and then departed, leaving the military action to the post commander at Camp Robinson, Lieutenant Colonel Luther P.Additional troops were brought in from Fort Laramie and on the morning of September 4, 1877, two columns moved against Crazy Horse's village, only to find that it had scattered during the night.Crazy Horse fled to the nearby Spotted Tail Agency with his ill wife.After meeting with military officials at the adjacent military post of Camp Sheridan, Crazy Horse agreed to return to Camp Robinson with Lieutenant Jesse M.On the morning of September 5, 1877, Crazy Horse and Lieutenant Lee, accompanied by Touch the Clouds as well as a number of Indian scouts, departed for Camp Robinson.Arriving that evening outside the adjutant's office, Lieutenant Lee was informed that he was to turn Crazy Horse over to the Officer of the Day.Lee protested and hurried to Bradley's quarters to debate the issue, but without success.Bradley had received orders that Crazy Horse was to be arrested and forwarded under the cover of darkness to Division Headquarters.Lee turned the Oglala war chief over to Captain James Kennington, in charge of the post guard, who accompanied Crazy Horse to the post guardhouse.Once inside, no doubt realizing the fate that was about to befall him, Crazy Horse struggled with the guard and Little Big Man and attempted to escape.Just outside the door of the guardhouse, Crazy Horse was stabbed with a bayonet of one of the members of the guard.The following morning, Crazy Horse's body was turned over to his elderly parents who took it to Camp Sheridan, placing it on a scaffold there.The following month when the Spotted Tail Agency was moved to the Missouri River, Crazy Horse's parents moved the body to an undisclosed location.His final resting place remains unknown.McGillycuddy, who treated Crazy Horse after he was stabbed, wrote that Crazy Horse "died about midnight."According to military records he died before midnight, making it September 5, 1877.According to the Oglala Sioux, he died after midnight, making it September 6, 1877.The monument located at the spot of his death says September 5, 1877.John Gregory Bourke's memoirs of his service in the Indian wars, "On the Border with Crook"' details an entirely different account of Crazy Horse's death.Bourke's account was from a personal interview with Little Big Man, who was present at Crazy Horse's arrest and wounding.The interview took place over a year after Crazy Horse's death.Little Big Man's account is that, as Crazy Horse was being escorted to the guardhouse he suddenly pulled from under his blanket two knives, one in each hand.One knife was reportedly fashioned from the end of an army bayonet.Little Big Man, standing immediately behind Crazy Horse and not wanting the soldiers to have any excuse to kill him, seized Crazy Horse by both elbows, pulling his arms up and behind him.As Crazy Horse struggled to get free, Little Big Man abruptly lost his grip on one elbow, and Crazy Horse's released arm drove his own knife deep into his own lower back.When Bourke asked about the popular account of the Guard bayoneting Crazy Horse, Little Big Man explained that the guard had thrust with his bayonet, but that Crazy Horse's struggles resulted in the guard's thrust missing entirely and his bayonet being lodged into the frame of the guardhouse door, where the hole it made could still be seen at the time of the interview.Crazy Horse's death to a soldier at the guardhouse.The "last words" often attributed to Crazy Horse contain as the second to last sentence a terse implication of the guard.This widely published account directly contradicts the prior, witnessed statement made to the Post Commander.My friend, I do not blame you for this.Had I listened to you this trouble would not have happened to me.Sometimes my young men would attack the Indians who were their enemies and took their ponies.We preferred hunting to a life of idleness on the reservation, where we were driven against our will.We preferred our own way of living.We were no expense to the government.Soldiers were sent out in the winter, they destroyed our villages.Our first impulse was to escape with our squaws and papooses, but we were so hemmed in that we had to fight.Big White Chief but was not given a chance.They tried to confine me.The identity of the soldier accused of being responsible for the bayoneting of Crazy Horse is also debatable.Most sources question whether Crazy Horse was ever photographed.Valentine McGillycuddy, surgeon at Camp Robinson at the time of Crazy Horse's death, doubted any photograph of the war leader had been taken.Crazy Horse," Agent Brennan replied, "nor am I able to find any one among our Sioux here who remembers having seen a picture of him.Crazy Horse had left the hostiles but a short time before he was killed and its more than likely he never had a picture taken of himself."In 1956, a small tintype portrait purportedly of Crazy Horse was published by J.The photograph had belonged to the family of the famous scout, Baptiste "Little Bat" Garnier.Recently, the original tintype was acquired by the Custer Battlefield Museum in Garryowen, Montana, who have promoted the image as the only authentic portrait of Crazy Horse.Historians however continue to refute the identification.The evidence includes the individual's attire (such as the length of the breastplate and the ascot tie).In addition, no other photograph with the same painted backdrop has been found.Hamilton, Charles Howard, David Rodocker and possibly Daniel S.After the death of Crazy Horse, Private Charles Howard made an image of the famed war leader's scaffold grave, located near Camp Sheridan, Nebraska.William Bordeaux made a sketch of Crazy Horse for his book, based on a description of him by both Bordeaux's father, Louis Bordeaux, and Crazy Horse's relative, Julia Clown (aka Iron Cedar Woman).Foreground: Model of Crazy Horse Memorial.Though still incomplete because of funding constraints, the sculpture has been criticized by some Native American activists (most notably Russell Means ) as exploitive of Lakota culture and Crazy Horse's memory.Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, pg."Oglala Sources on the Life of Crazy Horse," Nebraska History 57(Spring 1976) p.Chips Interview, 14 February 1907, published in: Richard E.Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2005) p.Horses Winter: The Year the Oglala Crazy Horse was Born," Research Review, vol.The Authorized Biography of Crazy Horse and His Family Part One: Creation, Spirituality, and the Family Tree.Lemly, "The Death of Crazy Horse", published in New York Sun, September 14, 1877."The Authorized Biography of Crazy Horse and His Family Part Two: Defending the Homeland Prior to the 1868 Treaty"."Crazy Horse: Who Really Wielded the Bayonet that Killed The Oglala Leader?"Camp Collection, Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument.Carroll Friswold, The Killing of Crazy Horse (Glendale, CA: A.Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1988).Jack Heriard, "Debating Crazy Horse: Is this the photo of the famous Oglala?"Dickson III, "Crazy Horse's Grave: A Photograph by Private Charles Howard, 1877," Little Big Horn Associates Newsletter vol.Further reading
Crazy Horse, the Strange Man of the Oglalas, a biography.Crazy Horse and Custer: The epic clash of two great warriors at the Little Bighorn.The Killing of Chief Crazy Horse: Three Eyewitness Views by the Indian, Chief He Dog the Indian White, William Garnett the White Doctor, Valentine McGillycuddy.Crazy Horse (Penguin Lives)."Debating Crazy Horse: Is this the Famous Oglala".Garryowen photo being that of Crazy Horse (the same photo shown here).The Journey of Crazy Horse: A Lakota History.Crazy Horse: A Lakota Life.The Authorized Biography of Crazy Horse and His Family Part One: Creation, Spirituality, and the Family Tree.DVD William Matson and Mark Frethem, Producers.Documentary based on over 100 hours of footage shot of family oral history detailed interviews and all Crazy Horse sites.Family had final approval on end product.Crazy Horse: Sioux War Chief.New York Philadelphia: Chelsea House, 1994.Lionel Little Eagle Pinn."The Authorized Biography of Crazy Horse and His Family Part Two: Defending the Homeland Prior to the 1868 Treaty".DVD William Matson and Mark Frethem, Producers.External links
PBS Biography
A sympathetic but detailed account of his life and death
A timeline of his life
Indian Country Today: Trimble: What did Crazy Horse look like?All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.At times we did not get enough to eat and we
were not allowed to hunt.Then Long Hair (Custer)
came...They say we massacred him, but he would have done the same to us.Our first impulse was to escape but we were so hemmed in we had to fight."Crazy Horse, as Remembered by Ohiyesa (Charles A.Crazy Horse (Tashunkewitko) was born on the Republican River about 1845.Furthermore he was a true type of
Indian refinement and grace.However, he was a gentle warrior, a true brave, who stood
for the highest ideal of the Sioux.Notwithstanding all that
biased historians have said of him, it is only fair to judge a man
by the estimate of his own people rather than that of his enemies.The boyhood of Crazy Horse was passed in the days when the
western Sioux saw a white man but seldom, and then it was usually
a trader or a soldier.At that period the Sioux prided themselves on
the training and development of their sons and daughters, and not
a step in that development was overlooked as an excuse to bring the
child before the public by giving a feast in its honor.His first step alone,
the first word spoken, first game killed, the attainment of manhood
or womanhood, each was the occasion of a feast and dance in his
honor, at which the poor always benefited to the full extent of the
parents' ability.As every one knows, these characteristic
traits become a weakness when he enters a life founded upon
commerce and gain.Under such conditions the life of Crazy Horse
began.His mother, like other mothers, tender and watchful of her
boy, would never once place an obstacle in the way of his father's
severe physical training.They laid the spiritual and patriotic
foundations of his education in such a way that he early became
conscious of the demands of public service.The little boy got on his pet
pony and rode through the camp, telling the old folks to come to
his mother's teepee for meat.It turned out that neither his
father nor mother had authorized him to do this.Before they knew
it, old men and women were lined up before the teepee home, ready
to receive the meat, in answer to his invitation.You must live up to your
reputation."Crazy Horse loved horses, and his father gave him a pony of
his own when he was very young.In those days the Sioux had but few guns, and the hunting was
mostly done with bow and arrows.Young Crazy Horse pushed
his brother up into the nearest tree and himself sprang upon the
back of one of the horses, which was frightened and ran some
distance before he could control him.As soon as he could,
however, he turned him about and came back, yelling and swinging
his lariat over his head.At the age of sixteen he joined a war party against the Gros
Ventres.He was well in the front of the charge, and at once
established his bravery by following closely one of the foremost
Sioux warriors, by the name of Hump, drawing the enemy's fire and
circling around their advance guard.Suddenly Hump's horse was
shot from under him, and there was a rush of warriors to kill or
capture him while down.Thus he associated himself in his
maiden battle with the wizard of Indian warfare, and Hump, who was
then at the height of his own career, pronounced Crazy Horse the
coming warrior of the Teton Sioux.At this period of his life, as was customary with the best
young men, he spent much time in prayer and solitude.Crazy Horse was a typical Sioux brave, and from the point
of view of our race an ideal hero, living at the height of the
epical progress of the American Indian and maintaining in his own
character all that was most subtle and ennobling of their spiritual
life, and that has since been lost in the contact with a material
civilization.He loved Hump, that peerless warrior, and the two became close
friends, in spite of the difference in age.Men called them "the
grizzly and his cub."Again and again the pair saved the day for
the Sioux in a skirmish with some neighboring tribe.But one day
they undertook a losing battle against the Snakes.Crazy Horse and his younger brother, though dismounted, killed two
of the enemy and thus made good their retreat.In
attempting this very feat, he lost this only brother of his, who
emulated him closely.The leader escaped without a scratch, but his young
brother was brought down from his horse and killed.While he was still under twenty, there was a great winter
buffalo hunt, and he came back with ten buffaloes' tongues which he
sent to the council lodge for the councilors' feast.He had in one
winter day killed ten buffalo cows with his bow and arrows, and the
unsuccessful hunters or those who had no swift ponies were made
happy by his generosity.Even before that time,
Crazy Horse had already proved his worth to his people in Indian
warfare.He was no orator nor was he the son of
a chief.They reasoned that the country was
wide, and that the white traders should be made welcome.Among these were White Bull,
Two Kettle, Four Bears, and Swift Bear.Crazy Horse took no part in the discussion, but he and all the
young warriors were in accord with the decision of the council.Although so young, he was already a leader among them.Cloud, intimate friend of
Crazy Horse.The attack on Fort Phil Kearny was the first fruits of the new
policy, and here Crazy Horse was chosen to lead the attack on the
woodchoppers, designed to draw the soldiers out of the fort, while
an army of six hundred lay in wait for them.Sitting Bull
looked to him as a principal war leader, and even the Cheyenne
chiefs, allies of the Sioux, practically acknowledged his
leadership.He was depended upon to put into
action the decisions of the council, and was frequently consulted
by the older chiefs.He won from Custer and Fetterman
and Crook.He won every battle that he undertook, with the
exception of one or two occasions when he was surprised in the
midst of his women and children, and even then he managed to
extricate himself in safety from a difficult position.There was
conflicting news from the reservation.The council
sent Crazy Horse with seven hundred men to meet and attack him.They set out at night so as to steal
a march upon the enemy, but within three or four miles of his camp
they came unexpectedly upon some of his Crow scouts.Crows fled back to Crook's camp,
pursued by the Sioux.Again and again Crazy
Horse charged with his bravest men, in the attempt to bring the
troops into the open, but he succeeded only in drawing their fire.Toward afternoon he withdrew, and returned to camp disappointed.Instead of this,
he fell back upon Fort Meade, eating his horses on the way, in a
country swarming with game, for fear of Crazy Horse and his braves!Here, with all their precautions, they were caught unawares by
General Custer, in the midst of their midday games and festivities,
while many were out upon the daily hunt.Here and there stood out a large, white, solitary
teepee; these were the lodges or "clubs" of the young men.Crazy
Horse was a member of the "Strong Hearts" and the "Tokala" or Fox
lodge.The Sioux and the Cheyennes were "minute men", and although
taken by surprise, they instantly responded.Dogs were howling, ponies
running hither and thither, pursued by their owners, while many of
the old men were singing their lodge songs to encourage the
warriors, or praising the "strong heart" of Crazy Horse.The Cheyennes followed closely.In this dashing charge, Crazy Horse snatched his most famous
victory out of what seemed frightful peril, for the Sioux could not
know how many were behind Custer.To the soldiers it must have seemed as if the Indians rose up from
the earth to overwhelm them.Then they went down
to Reno's stand and found him so well intrenched in a deep gully
that it was impossible to dislodge him.Gall and his men held him
there until the approach of General Terry compelled the Sioux to
break camp and scatter in different directions.While Sitting Bull was pursued into Canada, Crazy Horse and
the Cheyennes wandered about, comparatively undisturbed, during the
rest of that year, until in the winter the army surprised the
Cheyennes, but did not do them much harm, possibly because they
knew that Crazy Horse was not far off.His name was held in
wholesome respect.For some time he held out, but the rapid disappearance of the
buffalo, their only means of support, probably weighed with him
more than any other influence.In July, 1877, he was finally
prevailed upon to come in to Fort Robinson, Nebraska, with several
thousand Indians, most of them Ogallala and Minneconwoju Sioux, on
the distinct understanding that the government would hear and
adjust their grievances.At this juncture General Crook proclaimed Spotted Tail, who
had rendered much valuable service to the army, head chief of the
Sioux, which was resented by many.The attention paid Crazy Horse
was offensive to Spotted Tail and the Indian scouts, who planned a
conspiracy against him.He was urged not to attend the council and
did not, but sent another officer to represent him.Meanwhile the
friends of Crazy Horse discovered the plot and told him of it.His
reply was, "Only cowards are murderers."His wife was critically ill at the time, and he decided to
take her to her parents at Spotted Tail agency, whereupon his
enemies circulated the story that he had fled, and a party of
scouts was sent after him.They overtook him riding with his wife
and one other but did not undertake to arrest him, and after he had
left the sick woman with her people he went to call on Captain Lea,
the agent for the Brules, accompanied by all the warriors of the
Minneconwoju band.Cleveland,
the situation was extremely critical.Indeed, the scouts who had
followed Crazy Horse from Red Cloud agency were advised not to show
themselves, as some of the warriors had urged that they be taken
out and horsewhipped publicly.Under these circumstances Crazy Horse again showed his
masterful spirit by holding these young men in check.The captain urged him to report at army headquarters to
explain himself and correct false rumors, and on his giving
consent, furnished him with a wagon and escort.Indians have
boasted that they had a hand in bringing him in, but their stories
are without foundation.He went of his own accord, either
suspecting no treachery or determined to defy it.Cloud,
was just in advance.Cloud suddenly turned back exclaiming: "Cousin, they will
put you in prison!"He stopped and tried to free himself and draw
his knife, but both arms were held fast by Little Big Man and the
officer.While he struggled thus, a soldier thrust him through
with his bayonet from behind.They hid
it somewhere in the Bad Lands, his resting place to this day.Thus died one of the ablest and truest American Indians.His
life was ideal; his record clean.The reputation of great men is apt to be
shadowed by questionable motives and policies, but here are two
pure patriots, as worthy of honor as any who ever breathed God's
air in the wide spaces of a new world.We Recommend the Alexa browser toolbar for your safe adult surfing.Alexa is a part of the Amazon.You won't be fooled ever again!Click Here to find out more!Hello, you either have JavaScript turned off or an old version of Adobe's Flash Player.This video has been added to your favorites.This video will appear on your blog shortly.Thank you for flagging this video.Per our Community Guidelines, hate speech is specifically defined in reference to "protected groups."We can only process copyright complaints submitted by authorized parties in accordance with processes defined in law.There may be significant legal penalties for false notices.In order to process a privacy complaint we need more information from you.Please refer to our Help Center for more information and the form to submit.There are no sites linking to this video.Change the value of a comment by clicking on a thumb.Someday I go back every day of the rest of my life.The show I've seen has been on German television but ive missed it.Est ce que quelqu'un pourrais m'enovyer le titre de la chanson par mesasge s'il vous plait ?Would you like to comment? |
 |
 |
|
|
|
|
|
