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Please do not remove this message until the dispute is resolved.For other uses, see Book of Daniel (disambiguation).The Book of Daniel, written in Hebrew and Aramaic, is a book in both the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) and the Christian Old Testament.The book has two distinct parts: a series of six narratives (chapters one to six) and four apocalyptic visions (chapters seven to twelve).The narratives take the form of court stories which focus on tests of religious fidelity involving Daniel and his friends (chapters one, three and six), and Daniel's interpretation of royal dreams and visions (chapters two, four and five).In the second part of the book, Daniel recounts his reception of dreams, visions and angelic interpretations in the first person.The dating and authorship of Daniel has been a matter of great debate among Jews and Christians.BC and that most of the predictions of the book refer to events that had already occurred.Related themes have common label
1.Language emphasizes structure
1.Narratives in Daniel
3 Apocalyptic visions in Daniel
4 Historical accuracy
4.Daniel was composed as a double chiasm, a common literary structure of Hebrew poetry.Related themes have common label
Related sections have a common label.For instance those labeled A, A', A" and A"' are placed in parallel because they all have a similar theme, i.Jews are described as faced with life or death trials for worshiping Daniel's god or not in the parts labeled B, B', B" and B"'.The decision of kings to choose Daniel's god or not are the themes in C, C', C" and C"'.The trial faced by of the Messiah is portrayed in the focal point of the book ( D ).Language emphasizes structure
To emphasize the importance of the chiasmic structure, the first chiasm was written in Aramaic and the second in Hebrew.The literary structure explains why Aramaic continues to be used in chapter 7 rather than ending in chapter 6 at, seemingly, the end of the first half of the book.The first 6 narrative chapters are fit into the structure rather than defining it.For instance, Chapter six ( B' ), which ought to follow chapter seven ( A' ) chronologically, is put in parallel with chapter 3 ( B ) because they both deal with the worship of Daniel's god.Instead, it is put in parallel with Chapter 4 ( C ) where the kings are faced with choosing to accept Daniel's god or not.Grouping Emphasizes Prophecies
This chiasmic grouping of chapters having the same theme has important implications when it comes to the chapters containing prophecies ( A, A', A", A'" ).Not only are they parallel because they contain prophecies, but the prophecies themselves are parallel to each other.Narratives in Daniel
The first part, the first six chapters, comprises a series of court tales, instructive narratives, or miracle tales.As illustrated above, the first story is in Hebrew; then Aramaic is used from ch."Chaldeans" through chapter seven.Three additional sections are preserved only in the Septuagint, and are considered apocryphal by Protestant Christians and Jews, and deuterocanonical by Catholic and Orthodox Christians.After a trial period they were judged 10 times better than all others.Nebuchadnezzar dreams of an idol made of four metals and a mixture of iron and clay.The idol's composition of metals is interpreted as a series of successive empires ending with "God's kingdom".Their god is credited for preserving them from the flames.Nebuchadnezzar tells of his dream of a tall tree.When he, according to the text, accepts Daniel's god as his god he regains his sanity.The recurring image of a tree representing a kingdom appears at least three times in scripture.Belshazzar's Feast, where Belshazzar insults Daniel's god and Daniel interprets the writing on the wall mene mene tekel upharsin to be:
Mene: God has numbered the days of your reign and brought it to an end.Tekel: You have been weighed on the scales and found wanting.Daniel in the lions' den
7.Susanna and the elders (apocryphal to Jewish and Protestant canons)
8.Bel and the Dragon (apocryphal to Jewish and Protestant canons)
Protestant and Jewish editions omit the sections that do not exist in the Masoretic text: in addition to the two chapters containing accounts of Daniel and Susanna and of Bel and the Dragon, a lengthy passage inserted into the middle of Daniel 3; this addition contains the prayer of Azariah while the three youths were in the fiery furnace, a brief account of the angel who met them in the furnace, and the hymn of praise they sang when they realized they were delivered.The narratives are set in the period of the Babylonian captivity, first at the court of Nebuchadnezzar and later at the court of his successors Belshazzar and a 'King Darius' of unclear identity (see 'Historical Accuracy' and 'Date' below).Daniel is praised in Easton's Bible Dictionary, 1897, as "the historian of the Captivity, the writer who alone furnishes any series of events for that dark and dismal period during which the harp of Israel hung on the trees that grew by the Euphrates.Nebuchadnezzar) away to Babylon; where they were servants to him and his sons until the reign of the kingdom of Persia' (2 Chr.Daniel appears as an interpreter of dreams and visions in these early court tales.He is depicted later in the book as a "prophet" with his early experiences serving as the basis for his future ministry.Apocalyptic visions in Daniel
The second part, the remaining six chapters, are visionary, an early example of apocalyptic literature, in which the author, now speaking in the first person, experiences visions entrusted to him alone.One feature of this section is Daniel's reliance on heavenly figures to interpret and explain his visions.The prophetic and eschatological visions of Daniel, with those of Ezekiel and Isaiah, are the scriptural inspiration for much of the apocalyptic ideology and symbolism of the Qumran community's Dead Sea scrolls and the early literature of Christianity.The purpose behind the latter revelations are related to the establishment of Daniel's prominence in later revelations."Daniel's clear association with the Maccabean Uprising and those against Rome are a possible factor in the eventual downgrading of it, to include a redefinition of the role of prophet, keeping in mind that at roughly this time the Hebrew canon was being evaluated and adopted.In Daniel are the first references to a "kingdom of God", and the most overt reference to the resurrection of the dead in the Tanakh.Historical accuracy
Some modern historians of Babylonia or Achaemenid Persia do not adduce the narratives of Daniel as source materials, as they consider some statements in Daniel to be in conflict with other historical accounts.However, a major critic of Daniel, H.Babylonian empire the fifth chapter of Daniel ranks next to cuneiform literature in accuracy so far as outstanding events are concerned."The four objections given below represent, in order of significance, the major instances of error historians generally find in Daniel.Identity of "Darius the Mede"
The personage whom Daniel describes as taking control of Babylon after Belshazzar is deposed is named as Darius the Mede, who rules over Babylon in chapters 6 and 9.Daniel reports that Darius was 'about 62 years old' when he was 'made king over Babylon.Darius the Mede, son of Ahasuerus' is a figure unknown by that name outside the Book of Daniel and Flavius Josephus, the only other source to offer any other detail.As Darius the Mede is unknown to any other source, many historians view his presence in Daniel as simply a mistake of a much later author, who has perhaps inadvertently placed the Persian King Darius I at an earlier date than he actually reigned.Among writers trying to maintain an early date for the Book of Daniel, there are several interpretations of the identity of Darius the Mede.Darius the Mede in the book of Daniel have long been recognized as providing the most serious historical problems in the book."His view concludes that Darius is just another name for Cyrus the Great, who captured Babylon on October 15th, 539 BCE.The third view (also that of Syncellus) sees Darius as another name for Astyages, the last Mede king who was ultimately deposed by Cyrus.Josephus makes Darius the son of Astyages, and uncle of Cyrus.Several scholars in the past (including Calvin, Ussher and John Gill) as well as in more recent times (eg."Darius the Mede" as Cyrus the Great: Unlike Gubaru or Astyages, Cyrus the Great of Persia was the king who took over the Babylonian Empire."So Daniel prospered during the reign of Darius and the reign of Cyrus the Persian," could also be translated, "So Daniel prospered during the reign of Darius, that is, the reign of Cyrus the Persian."Ugbaru: Gubaru is the historical general known to have actually led the army that captured Babylon (see Pierre Briant below), according to Nabonidus.It is possible that Cyrus would have rewarded Gubaru with a regional governorship for capturing the capital of the Babylonian Empire and virtually ending the war.Darius the Mede "received the kingdom" of the Chaldeans.Also, verse 1 of "Bel and the Dragon" (chapter 14 in Greek Daniel) references Astyages the Mede, who was indeed the last king before Cyrus; but nearly the same verse is added in the Greek LXX after the end of chapter 6, only reading "Darius" in place of "Astyages".Prior to 1854, archeologists and historians knew nothing of Belshazzar outside the book of Daniel.Belshazzar, the references to Belshazzar in these works are ultimately dependent on the book of Daniel (Collins, p.Both Xenophon (Cyropaedia, 7.Babylon to Cyrus the Great, yet neither of these writers give the name of the king of Babylon.All of this led Ferdinand Hitzig to claim in 1850 that Belshazzar was a "figment of the Jewish writer's imagination."The available information concerning Belshazzar's regency goes silent after Nabonidus' fourteenth year.Akitu during Nabonidus' absence demonstrates that Belshazzar was not the "king" since it shows that he could not officiate over the festival.However, The Verse Account of Nabonidus says, "Nabonidus said: 'I shall build a temple for him (the Moon god Sin)...New Year's festival to cease!This stated, the fact that Belshazzar did not disobey his father's command is evidence that Nabonidus remained the official (and actual) king of Babylon.There is no evidence that Belshazzar ever officially held the title of "king" as he is never called such in the Nabonidus Cylinder.Daniel could be used to translate titles of various levels of high ranking officials.Aramaic bilinguagal inscription found at Tel Fekheriyeh in 1979 which reads "king" for the Akkadian "governor".This, of course, is not proof that he possessed any status as the official king of Babylon.Historians have objected to this aspect of the record in Daniel.Many scholars have attributed the lack of mention of these rulers as indicating the author mistakenly thought that the two rulerships were consecutive.Based on this reasoning, historians have considered the reference to Belshazzar's relationship to Nebuchadnezzar simply an error based on the above misconception.However, there is another, rather speculative, explanation.Belshazzar is never called an independent king in the book of Daniel.In fact, in Daniel 5:7, 16, 29 Belshazzar implies that he is the second ruler in the kingdom, not the sole ruler; and yet, he has sufficient power to make someone the third ruler in the kingdom.Third, we should also note that, Wilson, in the previous reference, showed that the very word "king" was used in a variety of ways other than that which we use today.In this case, though, it is a stretch to say that Belshazzar was a "son" of Nebuchadnezzar, since neither he nor his actual father Nabonidus were immediate successors to Nebuchadnezzar.Finally, we should be aware that Daniel is not writing an official state document for Babylon such as one would expect from the court scribes, although the lack of accurate specificity in the references also tends to be inconsistent with the claim of an early date for Daniel.Madness of Nebuchadnezzar
A third significant objection by historians is the account of the insanity suffered by Nebuchadnezzar found in the fourth chapter of Daniel.There are a number of superficial differences between The Prayer of Nabonidus and the account of Nebuchanezzar's madness:
Nebuchadnezzar's "affliction" was of the mind whereas Nabonidus' was an "evil ulcer."In the case of Nabonidus the "exorcist pardoned my sin" whereas in the case of Nebuchadnezzar he "lifted up my eyes unto heaven and mine understanding returned unto me."Nebuchadnezzar's illness came while he was in Babylon; while that of Nabonidus was in Tema, although it does state in Daniel 4:33 that Nebuchadnezzar was "driven away from mankind."Introduction to the Old Testament.Date of Nebuchadnezzar's first siege of Jerusalem
The Book of Daniel begins by stating:
In the third year of the reign of Jehoi'akim king of Judah came Nebuchadnez'zar king of Babylon unto Jerusalem, and besieged it.Advocates of an early date of Daniel generally explain this by positing an additional, otherwise unmentioned, siege of Jerusalem in 605 BC, shortly after the Battle of Carchemish.Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah
Dan.Daniel was accompanied in the courts by three other Jews: Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah.God delivers them from the fiery furnace.Professor William Shea (1982) refers to a clay prism that was found in Babylon with five columns of text listing various officials of the government."Moreover, at Daniel's request the king appointed Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego administrators over the province of Babylon, while Daniel himself remained at the royal court."Hananiah would be referenced by his Hebrew name (Oppenheim (see citation) posits that "Hanunu" is "Phoenician" rather than Hebrew) and not his Babylonian one, Shadrach.There is no other evidence to connect these figures with the ones mentioned in the Book of Daniel.The neutrality of this section is disputed.Please see the discussion on the talk page.This section has been tagged since December 2007.Traditionally, the Book of Daniel was believed to have been written by its namesake during and shortly after the Babylonian captivity in the sixth century BC.Although this view continues to be held by traditionalist Christians and Jews, it has been discredited by critical scholars.Antiochus IV Epiphanes desecrated the altar around 167 BC, and the Book of Daniel (in its final form) was written, these scholars propose, in reaction to that incident.The citing of Antiochus as being the one whose abomination causes desolation is accurate, based upon independently documented historical data and careful analysis of the text.Traditionalists, attempting to establish an earlier date for the Book of Daniel, occasionally make reference to Josephus, who states that upon Alexander the Great's approach, a small party met him outside of Jerusalem, telling him that his presence was ordained by scripture.However, Josephus wrote about 400 years after the event in question, and cannot be justifiably considered as a reliable source in this matter.These scrolls include several manuscript copies of Daniel, the premise being that there must have been much time between the original writing and the copying of the manuscripts found at Qumran, since it would have taken time for the book to have gained acceptance and be made available for copying.In particular, the vision in Chapter 11, which focuses on a series of wars between the "King of the North" and the "King of the South," is generally interpreted as a record of Levantine history from the time of Alexander the Great down to the era of Antiochus IV, with the "Kings of the North" being the Seleucid kings of Syria and the "Kings of the South" being the Ptolemaic rulers of Egypt.Against the Christians is only known to us through Jerome's reply.Some conservative Christians (eg.Persian empire (3) the Macedonian empire of Alexander and his successors, and (4) the Roman empire.Alexander, and (4) the rival Diadochi, viz.There are serious difficulties in assigning Media and Persia to different world empires.Daniel, in his first reference to the empire that succeeds Babyon, calls it the "Medes and the Persians" (Daniel 6:28: "Your kingdom is divided and given to the Medes and Persians."Daniel also quotes the king and the subordinate rulers calling their own kingdom the "Medes and Persians: (: Daniel 6:8, 12, 15), while Cyrus was married to a Mede and himself had Mede blood, making the Medes and Persians merged kingdoms by marriage at the time of the conquest of Babylon.Chapters 2 through 7 in Aramaic, the rest in Hebrew.Aramaisms in the Hebrew text find proposed explanation by the hypothesis of an inexact initial translation into Hebrew.Palestinian provenance of the Book of Daniel cannot be upheld any longer without violence being done to the science of linguistics".It adds that the serious mistakes of the Septuagint to render many Persian and Accadian terms, as the offices mentioned in Daniel 3:3, proves ignorance of words of the old past, already forgotten in the Hellenistic period, indicating that the Book of Daniel was written in the late 6th century B.Lucas, Daniel, Apollos OT Commentary (Apollos, 2002) pp 307f is more cautious in his assessment of linguistic arguments as well.He agrees with Collins that there are "clear differences" between Qumran Hebrew and the Hebrew of Daniel (p.Loan words
Three Greek words used within the text have long been considered evidence for a late dating of Daniel.The existence of the Greek word 'symphonia' was cited by Rowlings as having its earliest use in second century BC, but it has subsequently been shown that Pythagoras used the term to denote an instrument, while its use to refer to a group performing together is found in the 'Hymni Homerica, ad Mercurium 51'; both instances date from the sixth century BC, the supposed setting of Daniel.We know however that "Greek mercenaries and slaves served in the Babylonian and Assyrian periods, some of whom were undoubtedly versed in Greek music and musical instruments."It has been speculated that this would explain the existence of the three Greek musical terms in Daniel's book.Greek words is a strong witness against the theory of the writing of the book in the Hellenistic period, since "it is inconceivable that Greek terms for government and administration would not have been adopted into Aramaic by the second century B.However, it is quite plausible that these terms would have been rejected, and that earlier terms would have been preferred, by the author or authors of Daniel when writing during the Maccabean period, for two reasons.Use of the word 'Chaldeans'
The book of Daniel uses the term "Chaldean" to refer both to an ethnic group, and to astrologers in general.Babylonian and early Persian periods (when Daniel is said to have lived), it referred only to an ethnicity.Compare the later Chaldean Oracles).Unity of Daniel
Whereas almost all scholars conclude a second century dating of the book in its final form, scholarship varies greatly regarding the unity of Daniel.Many scholars, finding portions of the book dealing with themes they do not believe fit with the time of Antiochus, conclude separate authors for different portions of the book.Berthold, Collins, and H.Some historians who support that the book was a unified whole include J.Rowley in the latter's aptly titled essay "The Unity of the Book of Daniel" (1952).Those who hold to a unified Daniel claim that their opponents fail to find any consensus in their various theories of where divisions exist.They also charge that composite theories fail to account for the consistent thematic portrayal of Daniel's life throughout the book of Daniel.Christian uses of Daniel
As mentioned above, the prayer of Azariah and the Song of the Three Children from the deuterocanonical parts of Daniel are widely used in Orthodox and Catholic prayer.The apocalyptic section is important to Christians for the image of the "Son of Man" (Dan.The connection with Daniel's vision (as opposed to the usage in the Book of Ezekiel) is made explicit in the Gospels of Matthew and Mark (Matt 26:64; Mk 14:62).Christians see this as a direct claim by Jesus that he is the Messiah.Traditional Christians have embraced the "prophecies" of Daniel, as they believe they clearly illustrate that Jesus Christ of Nazareth must be the Messiah.Daniel 12:2 is the earliest clear reference in the Old Testament to the resurrection of the dead (Hartman and Di Lella, 1990, p.The importance of Daniel's visions
Daniel's alleged presence in the royal court would have exposed him to the running of an empire.It has been claimed that Daniel's importance is that of introducing the age of the gentiles, the framework for events from then to the last days.Due to its apocalyptic character and its place in both the Jewish and Christian canons, the book of Daniel has had great influence in Jewish and Christian history.The Book of Daniel is included in the Hebrew Bible, the Tanakh, in the section known as the Ketuvim (Hagiographa, or the "Writings") .Septuagint, the Jewish Greek Old Testament, and by Christians, who place the book among the prophets.However, Daniel is not currently included by the Jews in the section of the prophets, the Nebiim.Rabbi Judah Loew ben Bezalel lamented that the times for the fulfillment of the prophecy of Daniel "were over long ago" (Sanhedrin 98b, 97a).Many Orthodox Jews believe that the prophecy refers to the destruction of the Second Temple by the Romans in 70 AD.Secular scholars however, believe that the prophecy better fits the reign of Antiochus, and that it is an example of vaticinium ex eventu (prophecy after the fact).Medieval study of angels was also affected by this book, as it is the only Old Testament source for the names of any of the angels, Gabriel and Michael (Dan 9:21; 12:1).Daniel is located in the Kirkuk Citadel in the city of Kirkuk in Iraq.The mosque is about 400 square meters, it has four illusions tombs of Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael and Azariah.Another tomb in Shush, Iran, is also claimed to be that of Daniel and is venerated by local Shi'as and Persian Jews alike.Yet a third site in Uzbekistan is claimed to be Daniel's resting place.There is no general recognition among Muslims that indeed Daniel was a prophet at all, although the possibility exists.The Seventy Weeks, Leviticus, and the Nature of Prophecy, 1986, Daniel and Revelation Committee Series, Vol.Rowley, The Growth of the Old Testament, Harper: 1950, p.Nabonidus and Belshazzar, Yale: 1929, p.Darius described by Josephus; however this king's omission from Ctesias and Herodotus has caused other scholars (eg.Studies in the Book of Daniel.Young, A Commentary on Daniel.Pritchard: Ancient Near Eastern Texts, 2nd ed.Princeton University Press, 308.Was Daniel Written After the Events he Foretold?Daniel as a vaticinium ex eventu must be abandoned."Craig Blomberg, Jesus and the Gospels, Apollos 1997, pp.Wright, Jesus and the Victory of God, Fortress 1996, p.Collins, Daniel: A Commentary on the Book of Daniel, 1993.Translation by Peter Daniels, 2002) p.Di Lella, "Daniel," in Raymond E.Sibley Towner, "Daniel," in The Oxford Companion to the Bible, 1993, pp.Walvoord, Daniel: The Key to Prophetic Revelation, 1989.Book of Daniel with emphasis on studying and refuting nonbiblical views."Conklin Dating the Book of Daniel or The Date of Daniel
A conservative attempt at a rebuttal to secular viewpoints on the dating of Daniel.Daniel in the Debunkers Den
An Atheist's explanation of errors in Daniel.Lion 1 Daniel 0
One of several articles discrediting a conservative viewpoint.Kitchen, Notes on Some Problems in the Book of Daniel.Daniel by conservative scholars.External links
Jewish translations:
Daniel (Judaica Press) translation with Rashi's commentary at Chabad.All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.Pearl to further the ideals that inspired Daniel's life
and work.Pakistani musician Salman Ahmad will be a part of the World Music Days.Daniel Pearl events
in cities around the world.Pearl recognized the ability of music
to bridge differences among people.World Music Days on October 10, 2002,
which would have been Danny's 39th birthday.International Education and Resource Network (iEARN).Through a network of more than 20,000 schools in 109 countries, high school students complete the PEARL Reporter Certification Program, and collaboratively publish articles on an international news service for young journalists at the PEARL World Youth News website.Professor Judea Pearl, President of the Daniel Pearl Foundation, and Dr.In partnership with Crossing Borders, we provide internships to graduates of the Peace it Together and Crossing Borders camps.The objective is to provide youth who understand the destructive power of hatred and who have "seen the human face of the enemy" with opportunities to become journalists and thereby amplify voices of reason and humanity in their respective societies.The Daniel Pearl Lectures Series at Stanford (Danny's Alma Mater) was launched in October of 2006 and will honor Danny's commitment to the improvement of the human condition.October 2003 for the Second Annual Daniel Pearl
Music Day.The CD is available from the Daniel
Pearl Foundation.Danny wrote during his fifteen
years as a domestic and international journalist.They illustrate his humor, curiousity, objectivity,
fairness and love of humanity.The Daniel Pearl Foundation gratefully acknowledges:
Website maintenance provided by Achieve Internet .Visit our stores nationwideLog on to www.Explore Beth Moore's newest study, the Book of Daniel!Daniel faced pressures and temptations similar to those of a Christian in today's world.He teaches and models for us how to develop enduring integrity in an enticing world.Christ, and on to the second coming of Christ.Bible study that examines both the life of the prophet Daniel and the prophetic teachings of the book.To learn more about Daniel: Lives of Integrity, Words of Prophecy, click here.This product is currently out of stock online.Please visit your local LifeWay Christian Store or contact us for further assistance.This study made me want to get up and cheer.I've read the Book of Daniel, yet the messages she found in Daniel for all of us to hold inside our hearts were not apparent to me before!EVERYONE I HAVE TALKED TO THINKS THIS IS BETH'S BEST SO FAR.Though I did this on my own rather than in a group with video, I was able to do an in depth study of the book of Daniel.We had over 150 ladies start AND complete this and our lives are forever impacted because of it.Biblical character God instilled within Daniel from Sunday school and childhood Vacation Bible School.After completing this study, I now have greater insight into God's leadership as the example Daniel set before three kings as I recall...Beth Moore has a gift for laying out her topic before the reader, extracting her main points for the student to examine and bringing fresh Biblical insight and meaning to that study...Jesus Christ Himself specifically referred to events recorded in The Book of Daniel (Matthew 24:15) that would occur just prior to The Return Of Jesus Christ.Daniel was of royal lineage (Daniel 1:3), probably born in or near Jerusalem about 622 B.Babylonians under King Nebuchadnezzar besieged Jerusalem, looted the original Temple that had been built by Solomon (the complete devastation would come later, about 586 B.Judah away into exile in Babylon.Daniel's living conditions in Babylon were likely at least as good as they had been back home.There, he distinguished himself with wisdom and ability (Daniel 1:19).Rome) that will lead right to the Return of Jesus Christ (Daniel 2:34,44)."Then the king Nebuchadnezzar fell upon his face, and worshipped Daniel, and commanded that they should offer an oblation and sweet odours unto him.The king answered unto Daniel, and said, Of a truth it is, that your God is a God of gods, and a Lord of kings, and a revealer of secrets, seeing thou couldest reveal this secret.Then the king made Daniel a great man, and gave him many great gifts, and made him ruler over the whole province of Babylon, and chief of the governors over all the wise men of Babylon."He died in his late eighties or nineties, a faithful and obedient servant of God, and one of the greatest prophets that has ever lived.Fact Finder: Did Daniel himself understand all of the prophecies that God gave to him, or were some "sealed until the time of the end"?David by Abigail at Hebron (1 Chr 3:1),
called also Chileab (2 Sa 3:3).Daniel was of the royal family (Dan 1:3), and thus of the tribe of Judah.These qualities soon won for
him the opportunity of demonstrating the advantages of a healthful diet (vs.At the close of the course (3 years, inclusive), Daniel and his 3 companions graduated
with highest honours (vs.Daniel on his career as a minister and adviser to the king (Dan 2).Daniel as a
representative of the true God (vs.For some reason,
Daniel was apparently not summoned.God accorded him another dream that presaged his
humiliation (vs.Daniel proved to be the only one able to
interpret it (vs.After the humiliating experience foretold by the dream (vs.Cyrus and his
role in the restoration of Jerusalem (Is 44:24 to 45:13).Persians, and fourth the vision of ch 10 and the lengthy explanation that followed it, as
recorded in chs 11 and 12, in the 3rd year of the new empire.For an analysis of these
visions, see Daniel, Book of.Thus Daniel lived at
least till the 3rd year of Cyrus, and was at that time almost 90 years of age.In Eze 14:14, 20, and 28:3 reference is made to Daniel, spelled in unvocalised
Hebrew Dnl, in contrast to Dnyl of the book of Daniel.Ezekiel refers together with the two other ancients, Noah and Job, instead of
Daniel, his contemporary.Danel of prediluvian times, for the pseudepigraphic
Book of Jubilees (produced in the 3rd or 2nd cent. |
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![Asia : Live In Hyogo [CD 1]](/covers/26/2696/alb_86128_th.jpg "Asia : Live In Hyogo [CD 1]")
