| For other uses, see Isan (disambiguation).To the west it is separated from Northern and Central Thailand by the Phetchabun mountain range.This is Thailand's poorest region.The main language of the region is Isan (which is similar to Lao), but Thai is also spoken by almost everyone.Thai cuisine that it is considered unique.Isan has a number of important Bronze Age sites, with cliff paintings, artifacts and early evidence of rice cultivation.After the Khmer empire began to decline from the 13th century, Isan was dominated by the Lao Lan Xang kingdom, that had been established by Fa Ngum.Thereafter the region was increasingly settled by Lao and Thai migrants.Siam held sway from the 17th century, and carried out forced population transfers from Laos to Isan in the 18th and 19th centuries.Siamese treaties of 1893 and 1904 made Isan the frontier between Siam and French Indochina.Lao origins of the population.The name therefore reinforces the area's identity as the northeast of Thailand, rather than as a part of the Lao world.Before the central government forcibly introduced the Thai alphabet and language in schools, the people of Isan wrote in the Lao alphabet.Most Isan people still speak the Isan language which is closely related to the Lao language.The rivers of Isan:
1.It is roughly coterminous with the Khorat Plateau, which tilts from the Phetchabun mountain range in the west of the region (the location of several national parks) down towards the Mekong River.The plateau consists of two main plains: the southern Khorat plain is drained by the Mun and Chi rivers, while the northern Sakon Nakhon plain is drained by the Loei and Songkhram rivers.The two plains are separated by the Phu Phan mountains.The Mekong forms a large part of the border between Thailand and Laos to the north and east of Isan, while the south of the region borders on Cambodia.The other main river in Isan is the Chi River, which flows through central Isan before turning south to meet the Mun in Sisaket Province.The highest temperature recorded was 43.Sakhon Nakhon Agro Station.Average annual precipitation varies from 2000 mm in some areas to 1270 mm in the southwestern provinces of Nakhon Ratchasima, Buriram, Maha Sarakham, Khon Kaen and Chaiyaphum.Gross Regional Product (compared to 8.The long narrow province of Nong Khai Province which stretches along the Mekong River is also noted for the production of pineapples, tobacco (which is dried, cured and shredded by the families before collection by the cigarette manufacturers) and tomatoes which are grown on an industrial scale, particularly around the town of Sri Chiang Mai.In addition, the soil is highly acidic, saline and infertile from overuse.Isan is the poorest region of Thailand: in 2002 average wages were the lowest in the country at 3,928 baht per month (the national average was 6,445).The region's poverty is also shown in its infrastructure: eight of the ten provinces in Thailand with the fewest physicians per capita are in Isan (Sisaket has fewest, with one per 14,661 in 2001; the national average was 3,289); it also has eight of the ten provinces with the fewest hospital beds per head (Chaiyapum has fewest, with one per 1,131 in 2001; the national average was 453).Nevertheless, as in the rest of Thailand, all districts (Amphoe) have a hospital, and all communes (tambon) have a clinic providing primary health care.The introduction of the "30 baht" health card has dramatically changed the numbers of those attending hospitals for treatment, as it has meant that full health care is available to all who register for only 30 baht per visit.Amphoe) had at least one publicly accessible internet connection either in the local computer shop or in the district office.Extension of landline telephones to remoter areas not previously served has been largely superseded by the use of cell phones, primarily of the GSM format, which now cover the entire region with the exception of a few sparsely populated mountainous areas and large national parks.Isan's total population as of 2000 was 20,825,000.These provinces surround the four major cities of the same names; as of 2000, their populations were: Udon Thani 220,493; Khorat 204,391; Khon Kaen 141,034; and Ubon Ratchathani 106,552.However, as of 1996 only 6.Thus, the population is still largely rural, but concentrated around the urban centres.Most people are of Lao origin, although the distinction between the Lao and Thai ethnicities is often blurred.Although there are certain physical features which are more prominent in the Lao, the distinction is primarily one of culture and language.The main language of the region is Isan (which is basically a dialect of Lao).Standard Thai is spoken by almost everyone and Khmer, the language of Cambodia is spoken in the southeast.The number of speakers of Isan has been estimated at between 15 million and 23 million, the majority of these being in Isan.The Khorat dialect, spoken by around 400,000 people, occupies a linguistic position somewhere between Isan and standard Thai.Education
Education is well provided by the government in numbers of establishments and is supplemented in the larger cities by the private sector (mostly either Catholic schools and international schools) and follows the national pattern of Education in Thailand with Primary (Elementary) schools in all larger villages and communes (tambon) capitals, with Secondary (High) schools to Grade 12 (Eng.Form) in the district (amphoe) towns.Many other Secondary schools provide education only to Grade 9, while some combined school provide education from Grade 1 through Grade 9.Rural schools are generally less well equipped than the schools in the large towns and cities and the standard of instruction, particularly for the English language, is much lower.In Isan, many children of poorer families leave school after Grade 6(aged 12) to work on the farms.Universities are in the major cities of Khon Kaen (one of the country's largest), Ubon Ratchathani, and the smaller province capital of Mahasarakham.Some Bangkok based universities have a small campus in Isan and Khon Kaen university also maintains a large installation on the outskirts of Nong Khai.For a full list of universities in Isan see: List of universities in Thailand.Most provinces have a government Rajabhat University, formerly Rajabhat Institute, traditionally a Teacher Training College.Culture
Isan's culture is predominantly Lao, and has much in common with that of the neighbouring country of Laos.Isan food is distinct from Thai and Lao cuisines, but has elements in common with each.These have all spread to other parts of Thailand, but normally in versions which temper the extreme heat and sourness favoured in Isan for the more moderate Central Thai palate.Conversely Central Thai food has become popular in Isan, but the French and Vietnamese influences which have affected Lao cuisine are absent.The people of the region famously eat a wide variety of creatures, such as lizards, frogs and fried insects such as grasshoppers, crickets, silkworms and dung beetles.Originally forced by poverty to be creative in finding foods, Isan people now savour these animals as delicacies or snacks.Food is commonly eaten by hand using the sticky rice pressed into a ball with the fingers as a tool.They are eaten using a spoon and chopsticks at the same time.The traditional dress of Isan is the sarong.Women's sarongs most often have an embroidered border at the hem, while men's are in a chequered pattern.Isan is the main centre for the production of Thai silk.The Buddhist temple (or wat) is the major feature of most villages.These temples are used not only for religious ceremonies, but also for festivals, particularly mor lam, and as assembly halls.The library of Tung Sri Muang temple, Ubon Ratchathani, illustrates the typical style of Isan.Isan houses are often built on stilts: the area underneath the house can be used as a living area, for storage or for keeping animals.The people of Isan celebrate many traditional festivals, such as the Bun Bungfai Rocket Festival.Buddhist times, is celebrated in a number of locations both in Isan and in Laos, but most vigorously and most famously in Yasothon province.The main indigenous music of Isan is mor lam; it exists in a number of regional variants, plus modern forms.Many mor lam singers also sing Central Thai luk thung music, and have produced the hybrid luk thung Isan form.Another form of folk music, kantrum, is popular with the Khmer minority in the south.Although there is no tradition of written secular literature in the Isan language, in the latter half of the 20th century the region produced several notable writers, such as Khamsing Srinawk (who writes in Thai) and Pira Sudham (who writes in English).Isan, has not been exported to other regions.Although it is a very exciting affair, not being on the tourist trail it is largely ignored by foreign visitors.Isan is known for producing a large number of muay Thai boxers: as with Western boxing, kickboxing provides a rare opportunity to escape from poverty.Isan's most famous sportsman, however, is tennis player Paradorn Srichaphan, whose family are from Khon Kaen.Marriage and courtship in Isan still mainly follows strict tradition, especially in rural areas, and most young women are married by the time they are 20 years old.Many girls, in spite of the legal requirement, marry as young as fourteen to escape poverty as usually marriage is associated with a dowry paid by the husband to the bride's family.Isan women rarely have boyfriends until they meet the man whom they will eventually marry, and tradition requires that the betrothal is then announced.The wedding ceremony usually takes place in the bride's home and is normally officiated by one or several monks or a respected village elder who has been a monk.It is not unusual however, for many women to remain single until much later.If the woman is tied to an occupation in a rural area as a farm or business owner, teacher, or similar profession, finding a suitable husband and one who is prepared to relocate is often not easy.Although rarely used nowadays for working the land, they are considered an important status symbol.Nevertheless, Bangkokians enjoy Isan food and music have both been enthusiastically adopted and adapted to the tastes of the rest of the country.The process of Thaification has diluted somewhat the distinctive character of Isan culture, particularly in the cities and in provinces, such as Khorat, which are closest to the Central Thai heartlands and which have been under Thai rule the longest.Religion
As in the rest of Thailand, the population is almost exclusively Theravada Buddhist, although this is combined with elements of animism.The large cities have Christian churches, sometimes of several denominations.Transportation
The State Railway of Thailand has two lines in Isan, both connecting the region to Bangkok.One runs east from Khorat, through Surin to Ubon; the other runs north through Khon Kaen and Udon to Nong Khai.Thanon Mitraphap ("Friendship Highway") built by the United States to supply its military bases in the 1960s and 1970s.Most roads in Isan are paved.The paving on some minor roads in the poorer districts may be navigable with difficulty due to large, deep potholes.Unpaved, graded roads link some of the smaller, remoter villages but they are comfortably navigable at normal driving speeds for wheeled vehicles.Signposting is excellent and follows international style.Buses provide the mass transport throughout the region.All amphoe towns operate at least one similar nightly route to and from Bangkok.Udon Thani, one of the major cities in Isan.Airports are served by collective vans which tend to be expensive for the local population and samlors for private hire.There are airports at Khorat (no scheduled services due to its proximity to Bangkok), Khon Kaen (international), Ubon Ratchathani (domestic), Udon Thani (international), Nakhon Phanom (domestic, scheduled services), Sakon Nakhon (domestic, scheduled services), Roi Et (domestic, scheduled services) and Buriram (domestic, scheduled services).There is little traffic using the Mekong, as rapids and variable flow make navigation difficult.Bridges are rare because of the high cost of spanning this very wide river, but there are a great many passenger and vehicle ferries.Some new bridges which still do not feature on '2005 Edition' maps have been built over smaller rivers and dams.Administration
Isan is divided into 19 provinces, although the southwestern province of Nakhon Ratchasima is considered by some to be more closely connected with Central Thailand.Amnat Charoen
Buriram
Chaiyaphum
Kalasin
Khon Kaen
Loei
Maha Sarakham
Mukdahan
Nakhon Phanom
Nakhon Ratchasima
Nongbua Lamphu
Nong Khai
Roi Et
Sakon Nakhon
Sisaket
Surin
Ubon Ratchathani
Udon Thani
Yasothon
Isan returns 136 of the national parliament's 400 constituency MPs.References
Alpha Research Co.Ethnologue report on Thailand
Annual population data for Thailand to 1997 (Chulalongkorn University)
Population statistics from citypopulation.See Copyrights for details.International Standard Audiovisual Number (ISAN) is a unique identifier for audiovisual works and related versions, similar to ISBN for books.Internet media providers and video games publishers who need to encode, track, and distribute video in a variety of formats.It provides a unique, internationally recognized and permanent reference number for each audiovisual work and related versions registered in the ISAN system.ISAN identifies works throughout their entire life cycle from conception, to production, to distribution and consumption.ISANs can be incorporated in both digital and physical media, such as theatrical release prints, DVDs, publications, advertising, marketing materials and packaging, as well as licensing contracts to uniquely identify works.The ISAN identifier is incorporated in many draft and final standards such as AACS, DCI, MPEG, DVB, and ATSC.Subsequent film parts or television episodes that relate to the root work can have the same root, but a different 'episode or part' component (if a core work does not have associated parts or episodes, then the episode segment is filled with zeros).ISAN is represented in hexadecimal form it has 24 digits, for example: 000000018947000000000000.Z) to help identify transcription errors.An ISAN is a centrally registered and permanently assigned reference number.IA work together to prevent duplicate assignments of ISANs with the same metadata set.The ISAN metadata set includes the title (original and alternative), cast (director, actors, producer, screenwriter, etc...TV series or entertainment show, sport events, video games, etc...This metadata applies to all type of audiovisual works, including their related versions of trailers, excerpts, videos and broadcasts.AGICOA, CISAC, and FIAPF to run the ISAN standard.IA is in charge of:
maintaining the ISAN central repository
implementing, running and managing the ISAN system
accrediting and appointing the ISAN registration agencies worldwide
promoting with the help of the registration agencies, the ISAN standard to the audiovisual industry.ISAN Frequently Asked Questions.International Organization Licenses Microsoft's New Multicolor Bar Code Technology for Identifying Audiovisual Works.You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.Phonphisai, Nongkai, a premature infant named Jack was born.Distraught, she feared for the life of her baby.Growing up, it was not easy living in the Isan area.However, Jack also enjoyed happy memories growing up within this landscape of rice fields and rivers.While other kids stayed at home playing with purchased toys, Jack spent his time learning about nature and gaining a deep appreciation for the outdoors.Older persons in the village happily shared their knowledge of nature and survival with him, which had been passed down from previous generations.Volunteer coordinator and project manager.During their stay Jack shared his Isan culture and customs with the volunteers."Are you sure you want to block this user?Get this video and more at MySpace.Inc postage rest of worldPre Orders are being taken by either sending a message via myspace or sending an email to Distant NoiseOn and after the 14th January order will be taken via the Distant Noise Records shop.Open Your MindThere is a famous story about the student who approached a zen master seeking the path to enlightenment.As the student held out his cup, the master poured in the tea until the cup overflowed."Hello Isan Thanks for the add :)See you around.Ce ne sono stati tanti con tantissimi di voi.Vogliamo quindi ringraziarvi non solo a parole ma anche con una sorpresa.Paul Anderson) e ben 4 remix a cura di Isan, Offlaga Disco Pax, Mickey Eats Plastic e Mapstation.Offlaga disco pax Remix)5.Mapstation (Mapstation Remix)Scarica il disco (dal 31 dicembre) su www.Offlaga disco pax Remix)5.Ten years ago you sent this to me, and this 7" still makes sense ;)And by the way, I did find "Eusa's head" on ebay 4*5 years ago which was the graal on my search concerning your stuff;)Have a nice NYE!VOLCANES)at Myspace, the song its called REMOS, hope you enjoy it, its under arrangementsyet, so, comments are welcome...This is not a MySpace login page, please do not enter your MySpace login information (email address or password).Do you wish to continue your form submission?"Id + " Link: " + targetLink.Id + " Text: " + targetLink.What is the structure of ISAN?What are ISAN codes used for?What is an "audiovisual work"?How does the ISAN affect copyright registration?What are the main ISAN benefits?Who are the Primary Users of ISAN?Can ISAN be used to prevent or identify piracy?Can or will ISAN be used to identify a unique copy of an audiovisual work?Is an ISAN required for audiovisual works?Where are their offices?Who assigns the ISAN?Who can apply for an ISAN?How can ISAN be encoded?Q: What is ISAN?ISO spent over seven years developing this standard with contributions and feedback from dozens of media companies, producers, authors and
collecting societies, as well as broadcast standards organizations.Composers) and FIAPF (International Federation of Film Producers Associations), all three representing several international and national
organizations involved with audiovisual production.International Standard Audiovisual Number (ISAN).Q: What is the structure of ISAN?The structure of ISAN has been designed to meet the diverse needs of the entire audiovisual supply chain.If a core work does not have associated parts or episodes, then the episode segment is filled with zeros.Works (and their episodes or parts) that have been modified in some way (for example, different audio or subtitle tracks) can have different versions.Q: What are ISAN codes used for?A: An ISAN uniquely distinguishes one audiovisual work from all other audiovisual works.An ISAN is a centrally registered and permanently assigned reference number.IA in Geneva and its appointed Registration Agencies work together to prevent duplicate assignments of ISANs with the same metadata set.This descriptive information includes the title, director, type, duration and dozens of other fields related to the work.This metadata applies to all types of works, including versions of feature films, documentaries, television programs, videos, games, trailers, advertising, and live broadcasts.These ISAN codes are as well the unique identification of specific versions or other content related to an audiovisual work and will be used in production and distribution systems, broadcasting applications and electronic program guides.Other methods of identifying audiovisual works, such as by title, can result in confusion about the specific work being referenced.Because each ISAN is a unique number that is permanently assigned to an audiovisual work, it can identify that work across national boundaries and language barriers.As a unique identifier, the ISAN and its related metadata set are useful in a wide range of computerized applications, particularly those which involve databases or the exchange of information about audiovisual works and related versions.Many other audiovisual formats and solutions are actively considering ISAN codes for audiovisual identification.ISANs can be incorporated in both digital and physical media, such as theatrical release prints, DVDs, publications, advertising, and packaging, as well as licensing contracts to uniquely identify works.The root and episode segments of an ISAN (the first 64 bits or 16 hexadecimal characters) remain the same for an audiovisual work, irrespective of any changes in ownership and across all distribution formats, including film, tape, optical, disk, broadcast or Internet Protocol (IP).The ISAN identifier is compatible with many draft and final standards including: AACS, DCI, MPEG, DVB, and ATSC to name a few.ISANs can only be issued by appointed Registration Agencies (RAs) via the ISAN System following a strict set of guidelines to ensure data accuracy and system integrity.To promote worldwide usage, ISAN services are offered to the market through registration agencies.ISANs have already been assigned to a large back stock of audiovisual works.Q: What is an "audiovisual work"?A: For the purposes of the ISAN, the term "audiovisual work" covers any fixation of motion imagery.The ISAN standard defines "audiovisual work" as follows: audiovisual work: work consisting of a sequence of related images, with or without accompanying sound, which is intended to be made visible as a moving image through the use of devices, regardless of the medium of initial or subsequent fixation.Examples of the types of audiovisual works to which ISAN may be assigned are: motion pictures (e.The ISAN is the unique reference number for an audiovisual work and should be included as a data element in any systems used to manage and process information about audiovisual works.Collective Management societies, for example, will use the ISAN when they exchange and process information about the use of audiovisual works.DVD), the ISAN is embedded into the appropriate master copies of the work and transferred to any subsequent copies made from those masters.ISAN identifier in the file format.ISAN will be securely affixed to the master and any other archival copies.For new works, that could involve printing the ISAN on the master negative.For works already in existence, that would involve securely linking the work and its ISAN in some form of permanent record, archive or inventory.It could also involve physically recording the ISAN on the container of the master version, whenever possible.The ISAN will also be included in the documentation and packaging for an audiovisual work.Q: How does the ISAN affect copyright registration?ISAN is not related in any way to copyright, in either the European or North American sense of that term.The ISAN is an identification number without any legal implication or meaning.It has no value as prima facie evidence regarding the copyright status or ownership of a work.The scope of the ISAN standard clearly states: "The issuance of an ISAN shall in no way be related to any process of copyright registration, nor shall the issuance of an ISAN provide evidence of the ownership of rights in a work."Q: What are the main ISAN benefits?Work Identifier: Each AV work (including all its components and versions) has one unique ISAN.Each ISAN identifies only one AV work.ISAN is a permanent identifier for an AV work and is never reused or changed.Version Identifier: Each version of an AV work can have a different unique ISAN.That ISAN cannot be used to identify any other version of that or any other work.The root and episode segments of the ISAN will be the same for all versions of that work, only the version segment changes.Representative of the Industry: ISAN has been defined by the audiovisual industry.Highly Available: ISAN and its related descriptive information are accessible through the Internet at all times by users (both registrants and readers).Highly Reliable: ISANs and its related descriptive information are hosted in secure and highly available data centers.Data Integrity: Each AV work has one unique ISAN.Each ISAN identifies only one AV work.ISAN is a permanent identifier for an AV work and is never reused.Asset Management: ISAN helps registrants and other users of ISAN with efficient inventory management, particularly in a digital environment.Usage Reporting: By requiring an ISAN to be listed in broadcast logs via various international broadcasting standards, tracking of uses if facilitated.In digital distribution, the ISAN is integrated into the work itself typically within the file or stream header.Database Interoperability: ISAN facilitates electronic information exchanges between different commercial and consumer focused database systems such as a studios financial system, or a theater chains digital cinema distribution tracking database.Q: Who are the Primary Users of ISAN?A: An ISAN enables commerce for several industries, including feature films, digital cinema, program guide services, Internet content and gaming.This means there are two major users; commercial companies and end consumers.Q: Can ISAN be used to prevent or identify piracy?A: ISAN is just a unique identifier and is not a method to protect digital assets.It is used to identify works, not protect them.IA have lately licensed from Microsoft its new High Capacity Color Barcode (HCCB) technology developed by Microsoft Research to assist in the identification of commercial audiovisual works, and in the same time have partnered with Datatrace an Australian company providing technology for counterfeit security protection through nanotechnology that is invisibly embedded within the material and ink of the ISAN barcode and product packaging.IA to offer media publishers the ability to connect to consumers using interactive services and provide counterfeit protection in a single package.Q: Can or will ISAN be used to identify a unique copy of an audiovisual work?Specific versions of video content are identified with the ISAN code, not specific, unique copies.This is not like a product key for software.This is more like an ISBN number for books or an ISWC for music.Q: Is an ISAN required for audiovisual works?The ISAN is a voluntary numbering system.There is no requirement to adopt or implement ISAN for audiovisual works.Members of the audiovisual community will implement ISAN by choice, not obligation.A: The airline video industry organization, WAEA and its content delivery standard will use ISAN.The MPEG4 systems layer explicitly includes a field for ISAN values and major studios in the USA (Hollywood), in Europe and Asia are already setup to obtain the ISAN numbers.Broadcast standards such as ATSC, ARIB and DVB are all in various states of adopting, recommending and requiring ISAN content IDs to support guide and search services on next generation TV services.Apple iTunes and CableLabs VoD latest specifications, as well as OpenEPG and TVAnytime has integrated ISAN.Optical media standards such as AACS (for HD DVD and Bluray) have made ISAN mandatory in their specifications (as part of the ContentID).At the 2006 National Association of Broadcasters (NAB) show, Microsoft announced a Beta version of a new tool called Microsoft Windows Media Encoder Studio Edition.It natively supports the inclusion of ISAN metadata as standard metadata attributes.ISAN worldwide, for appointing Registration Agencies, and for running and managing the ISAN system where ISANs as well as related metadata are stored in a centralized repository.A: ISAN is the ISO standard.Where are their offices?A: Geneva, Switzerland is the HQ.Currently there are 13 appointed Registration Agencies, 8 in Europe (France, Germany, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and UK), 4 in the North America (Secure Path, Microsoft Studios and ISAN IFTA RA), 1 in Australia and lately in Brazil.A: First become an ISAN Registrant of a Registration Agency and then submit your AV content for an ISAN code.Cost is typically 35 CHF list price for an ISAN and 10 CHF for a VISAN (version of an ISAN).Q: Who assigns the ISAN?IA) that coordinates the overall system and maintains a central register of all ISAN assignments.The ISAN International Agency appoints, and oversees the work of, individual ISAN registration agencies that are established to serve specific countries, regions or market sectors.These registration agencies receive and process applications for ISAN and assign the actual numbers to specific works and related versions.Q: Who can apply for an ISAN?A: All potential applicants for ISAN must apply first to an ISAN registration agency for a login in order to be recognized as a registrant within the ISAN system.The entity or person to whom an ISAN is given should have the capacity to permanently attach or link that ISAN to the specific audiovisual work that it identifies (i.ISANs for stolen intellectual property and fraudulent purposes.ISAN applications from the same registrant.Q: How can ISAN be encoded?A: There are several standard ways in which an ISAN can be encoded.The ISAN (International Standard Audiovisual Number) is a voluntary numbering system for the identification of audiovisual works.It provides a unique, internationally recognised and permanent reference number for each audiovisual work registered in the ISAN system.The ISAN identifies works, not publications or broadcasts.The ISAN remains the same for an audiovisual work regardless of the various formats in which the work is distributed (e.EAN for audiovisual products...The 60th international film festival Locarno... |
