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Pangea |
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Info: Biography, Pictures, Discography of all CDs & DVDs |
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America and the west coast of Africa, you notice they fit together like
a big jigsaw puzzle.In 1912 the father of the theory of continental
drift, Alfred Wegner, cited geographical, geological, and paleontological
evidence and proposed that some 200 million years ago the worlds continents
were all joined into a single supercontinent which he called "Pangea" (all
the Earth).As the sea floor spread Pangea broke up and the continents
began to drift away from each another, finally assuming their present positions.Wegner's hypothesis languished until 1968, when empirical evidence of sea
floor spreading was found, the old geological models overthrown, and a paradigm shift established
continental drift as the mainstream understanding of the Earth.The Formation of Pangea
The separate continents of the Paleozoic, after having drifted apart through
the fragmentation of the supercontinent of Rodinia,
around 650 million years ago (Ediacaran period) eventually drifted together again during the Paleozoic, colliding to form the supercontinent of Pangea during the Devonian and Carboniferous
periods, some 350 million years ago.Various
smaller blocks, especially in southeastern Asia, were late arrivals.In
the initial collision between Gondwana and the northern continents,
South America abutted central Euramerica.Pangea was essentially complete
by the Kungurian Age (late
early Permian).Gondwana 3500 kilometers westward, relative to the northern landmasses,
until Africa was abutting North America by the Norian
Age (Late Triassic),
producing the classic Pangea configuration (E.Pangea began to rift apart almost immediately.Mammals, dinosaurs, and pterosaurs (flying reptiles) only appear towards the end of the Triassic.Paul
The hundred million years and more of Pangean history saw a succession of cosmopolitan animal dynasties spread over the entire supercontinent.Different families of amphibians and reptiles would arise, flourish for a while, and then die out, before being replaced by a new biota.Only during the last days of Pangea, in the
Jurassic, did conditions ameliorate and the tiny
Mesozoic mammals diversify.This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject.If a more appropriate WikiProject or portal exists, please adjust this template accordingly.For other uses, see Pangaea (disambiguation).The body of water that was enclosed within the resulting crescent has been named the Tethys Sea.Owing to Pangaea's massive size, the inland regions appear to have been very dry.Ma) in the Jurassic Period, first into two supercontinents (Gondwana to the south and Laurasia to the north), thereafter into the continents we have today.Formation of Pangaea
Rodinia, which formed 1.Proterozoic, was the supercontinent from which all subsequent continents, sub or super, derived.Rodinia does not preclude the possibility of prior supercontinents as the breakup and formation of supercontinents appear to be cyclical through Earth's 4.Ma) and the Phanerozoic Eon.The rifting also spawned two new oceans, the Iapetus and Khanty Oceans.In the Cambrian the independent continent of Laurentia on what would become North America sat on the equator, with three bordering oceans: the Panthalassic Ocean to the north and west, the Iapetus Ocean to the south and the Khanty Ocean to the east.In the Earliest Ordovician, the microcontinent of Avalonia, a landmass that would become the northeastern United States, Nova Scotia and England, broke free from Gondwana and began its journey to Laurentia.Baltica collided with Laurentia by the end of the Ordovician, and northern Avalonia collided with Baltica and Laurentia.Laurentia, Baltica and Avalonia formed to create a minor supercontinent of Euramerica or Laurussia, closing the Iapetus Ocean, while the Rheic Ocean expanded in the southern coast of Avalonia.While all this was happening, Gondwana drifted slowly towards the South Pole.The second step in the formation of Pangaea was the collision of Gondwana with Euramerica.Avalonia hadn't collided with Laurentia yet, and a seaway between them, a remnant of the Iapetus Ocean, was still shrinking as Avalonia slowly inched towards Laurentia.The Iapetus Ocean's sister ocean, the Khanty Ocean, was also shrinking as an island arc from Siberia collided with eastern Baltica (now part of Euramerica).South America moved northward to southern Euramerica, while the eastern portion of Gondwana (India, Antarctica and Australia) headed towards the South Pole from the equator.North China and South China were on independent continents.The Kazakhstania microcontinent had collided with Siberia (Siberia had been a separate continent for millions of years since the deformation of the supercontinent Pannotia) in the Middle Carboniferous.Tethys in them (Uralian orogeny), causing the formation of the Ural Mountains, and the formation of the supercontinent of Laurasia.This was the last step of the formation of Pangaea.By this time, Gondwana was positioned near the South Pole, and glaciers were forming in Antarctica, India, Australia, southern Africa and South America.Most of the landmasses were all in one.Pangaea had rifted by the Middle Jurassic, and its deformation is explained below.The rifting took place between North America and Africa, and produced multiple failed rifts.The rift resulted in a new ocean, the Atlantic Ocean.The South Atlantic did not open until the Cretaceous.The clockwise motion of Laurasia also led to the closing of the Tethys Ocean.Meanwhile, in the other side of Africa, new rifts were also forming along the adjacent margins of east Africa, Antarctica and Madagascar that would lead to the formation of the southwestern Indian Ocean that would also open up in the Cretaceous.In the Early Cretaceous, Atlantica, today's South America and Africa, finally separated from eastern Gondwana (Antarctica, India and Australia), causing the opening of a "South Indian Ocean".In the Middle Cretaceous, Gondwana fragmented to open up the South Atlantic Ocean as South America started to move westward away from Africa.Also, at the same time, Madagascar and India began to separate from Antarctica and moved northward, opening up the Indian Ocean.Tethys Ocean, while Madagascar stopped and became locked to the African Plate.New Zealand, New Caledonia and the rest of Zealandia began to separate from Australia, moving eastward towards the Pacific and opening the Coral Sea and Tasman Sea.The Atlantic and Indian Oceans continued to expand, closing the Tethys Ocean.Meanwhile, Australia split from Antarctica and moved rapidly northward, just as India did more than 40 million years earlier, and is currently on a collision course with eastern Asia.The African Plate started to change directions, from west to northwest toward Europe, and South America began to move in a northward direction, separating it from Antarctica and allowing complete oceanic circulation around Antarctica for the first time, causing a rapid cooling of the continent and allowing glaciers to form.Other major events took place during the Cenozoic, including the opening of the Gulf of California, the uplift of the Alps, and the opening of the Sea of Japan.Pangaea continues today in the East Africa Rift; ongoing collisions may indicate the incipient creation of a new supercontinent.Africa
Antarctica
Asia
Australia
Europe
N.Look up Pangaea in
Wiktionary, the free dictionary.See Copyrights for details.Our most popular game ever!All product names are trademarks of Pangea Software, Inc.Pangea basado en el de Christopher R.Pangea se ha nombrado Pantalasa (Panthalassa).China del norte y China del sur se encontraban en continentes independientes.India y Australia se movieran hacia el norte.Coral y el mar de Tasmania.Anteriores continentes
Se cree que Pangea no fue primer supercontinente que ha existido.Hello, you either have JavaScript turned off or an old version of Macromedia's Flash Player.Click here to get the latest flash player.Variable("rollover1", "Add song to your profile..."Variable("rollover3", "View user's song history..."Variable("rollover4", "View artist's profile..."TelevisionWe dont watch television, we just hibernate inbetween each show.PANGEA was born in Edinburgh in August 2004.The Reading Rooms in Dundee, PANGEA has been providing your monthly d'n'b fix for 2 years + and we don't plan on stopping!Come and see for yourselves..!For the first Pangea of 2008 it gives us great pleasure to introduce DJ Esquire to Dundee.Promoter and resident DJ at one of the best new DNB nights in Edinburgh, Technical Resistance, Esquire is guaranteed to push the Reading Rooms soundsystem to the limits with his dark and nasty DNB.This promises to get another big year for Pangea off to a flying start!Feat Esquire
and your usual Pangea suspects!We put on shows every month dispalying audio and visual talent from around scotland as well as consistant performances from our residents.For over 3 years now we have been giving out some of the best, friendliest vibes on the scene with an eclectic array of music from our DJs to the backdrop of live art performed by our artists on the night.Its definetly something different and if you havent tryed it, it comes highly recomended.Join the Pangea Nation...Find out more on our website, and why not join our forum and get some banter:
Pangea Website!After 3 years of Pangea DnB in Edinburgh and Dundee, weve been asking ourselves, how the fuck can we celebrate this milestone?Thats right, from the 12th Oct onwards Pangea will be running a monthly night at the Glasgow Barfly!For our first night in a new city we figured we better strip things back to basics and show you what pangea is all about, filthy Drum and Bass, Djs, Mcs and Live graff art from the resident Pangea crew."Are you sure you want to delete this comment?"Next Symbiosis is gonna be on Fri 11th January 2008 at the SoundHaus Glasgow.Newcastle)Room 2:Boom Monk BenPlus all the usual crew.Also Nerve is now on Facebook!MBThanks to Clone at Dark Beats for the hosting!Concrete Streets x Pangearepresenting pangea.SPECIAL ED + PROFESSA FRESH + MC TROUBLArepresenting concrete streets.MR COULL + LINDENENTRY: FREE!JEKT + JZY x ENOK + JASPE + MR MOISTwww.Pangea and friends of....You brought dnb back to Glasgow, thank you.Wasn't digging the venue, but the sets were brilliant as usual, kept us right down the front for a good two hours having a dance.Best of luck with the new night and thanks for a belter of a night.Cheers for the Glasgow night.Attention all pangea fans who like a bit of hiphop!Come and check out pangea resident DJ Professa Fresh spin a hiphop set supporting the one and only FINGATHING LIVE.Catch you at the next glasgow one i can make if not before!We're laying down a challenge.Dilate vs Pangea at oboeru 9th of November, its my birthday gig.AVAILABLE NOW ON SPECIAL RECORDS!Visit the Shop on the Special Records website to purchase this EP online now!Free high quality download of "Oil Is Thicker Than Blood" available on the website!Whats this I hear about Pangea comin to Glasgow?Sup lads gd to see uz r still doin ur thing.Best one for a while troops, PYASSS.Cheers to everyone who came along to make friday such a banging night!But yeh, roll on May 25th!This is not a MySpace login page, please do not enter your MySpace login information (email address or password).Do you wish to continue your form submission?"Pangea Group is a nationally recognized construction,
restoration and environmental services provider.US Army Corps of Engineer Districts, the Department of Energy, multiple
military installations and private clients. |
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