| For other uses, see Panopticon (disambiguation).The Panopticon is a type of prison building designed by English philosopher Jeremy Bentham in 1785.Bentham himself described the Panopticon as "a new mode of obtaining power of mind over mind, in a quantity hitherto without example."Bentham derived the idea from the plan of a military school in Paris designed for easy supervision, itself conceived by his brother Samuel who arrived at it as a solution to the complexities involved in the handling of large numbers of men.The Panopticon was intended to be cheaper than the prisons of his time, as it required fewer staff; "Allow me to construct a prison on this model," Bentham requested to a Committee for the Reform of Criminal Law, "I will be the gaoler.While the design did not come to fruition during Bentham's time, it has been seen as an important development.Foucault proposes that not only prisons but all hierarchical structures like the army, the school, the hospital and the factory have evolved through history to resemble Bentham's Panopticon.The notoriety of the design today (although not its lasting influence in architectural realities) stems from Foucault's famous analysis of it.The occupants of the cells are thus backlit, isolated from one another by walls, and subject to scrutiny both collectively and individually by an observer in the tower who remains unseen.The Panopticon is widely, but erroneously, believed to have influenced the design of Pentonville Prison in North London, Armagh Gaol in Northern Ireland, and Eastern State Penitentiary in Philadelphia.No true panopticons were built in Britain during Bentham's lifetime, and very few anywhere in the British Empire.Many modern prisons built today are built in a "podular" design influenced by the Panopticon design, in intent and basic organization if not in exact form.Control of cell doors, CCTV monitors, and communications are all conducted from the control station.The correctional officer, depending on the level of security, may be armed with nonlethal and lethal weapons to cover the pod as well.These design points, whatever their deliberate or incidental psychological and social effects, serve to maximize the number of prisoners that can be controlled and monitored by one individual, reducing staffing; as well as restricting prisoner movement as tightly as possible.Del Norte County, California, USA.Other panoptic structures
The Panopticon has been suggested as an "open" hospital architecture: "Hospitals required knowledge of contacts, contagions, proximity and crowding...French edition of Jeremy Bentham's "Panopticon").The Worcester State Hospital, constructed in the late 19th century extensively employed panoptic structures to allow more efficient observation of the inmates.The only industrial building ever to be built on the Panopticon principle was the Round Mill in Belper, Derbyshire, England.Constructed in 1811 it fell into disuse by the beginning of the twentieth century and was demolished in 1959.At any moment, a person may or may not be being observed via a telescreen, though whether one is being watched at any given moment is unknown to that person.In the 2004 video game Silent Hill 4: The Room, there is a prison that is seemingly based on the Panopticon design.The 1998 video game Sanitarium features a mental asylum designed as Panopticon.Criticism
The growth of panoptic monitoring technologies has provoked backlashes by privacy advocates.However, some observers argue that these technologies don't always favor the hierarchical structure outlined by Orwell, Bentham and Foucault, but can also enable individuals, through inverse surveillance or sousveillance, to appropriate technological tools for individual or public purposes.Still others predict a balanced state of a universal "participatory panopticon" in which there is an equiveillance, or equilibrium of monitoring and control structures between parties."The Impact of Video Systems on Architecture", dissertion, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 2004."Modes of Power in Technical and Professional Visuals."But Has 1984 Finally Arrived?This page was last modified 14:54, 10 January 2008.All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.See Copyrights for details.Panopticon Gallery is the exclusive agent for aerial photographer Brad Washburn, Civil Rights photographer Ernest C.Panopticon also offers numerous historic reproduction photographs from prominent historic collections.Shop for books, music and more
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and search for topics titled Web Site Setup, Common Administrative Tasks, and About Custom Error Messages.Judith Glickman apparently spent her life living in both Los Angeles and Portland, so collected photographs from both coasts.The Hollywood writers are still on strike, so I figure I got a decent shot at you tuning in to see how the little lamb turns out.You could choose to walk away and watch old episodes of "Bosom Buddies" on DVD, but it would make him cry.At the end of part two we finished the main shapes and only needed to add small details to finish up.Whipstitch the lamb body onto it.It still doesn't look much like a lamb, though.Happily, there's not a whole lot going on in a lamb's face.Using our simplified sketch as a guide, we add the nose, mouth and beady little eyes.But since I've already done that, you don't have to.Instead, simply embroider a single petal from a lazy daisy on either side, and fill 'em both in with a couple stitches each.You can do so much with it!In the interest of further simplification, we're going to shift the basic shapes slightly to bring them into alignment, thus.On the other hand, as this lamb will be placed against a stockinette ground, why not try out a textured stitch to give it a little more visual oomph?Maybe the render the fluffy body in moss stitch?Good enough to continue.Maybe render the face in stockinette?And we could throw in a pair of decreases at the "shoulder" line for shaping.The top corners are a bit sharp, but maybe they can be fudged in the sewing.Or, before we go that far, we could try knitting the lamb a little oval snoot, since that's the bit that really sticks out in the original, and apply it over the stockinette face.Maybe that'd counteract the sunken effect.Next time, we'll finish up by adding the details to the face and head.You wanna make something of it?She said something akin to, "I just pick up the needles and watch what happens."Back then, I was newly emerged from long, dark years of knitting the same scarf and mittens over and over in solitude, using whatever yarn I happened to find.It was incomprehensible to me that person could use yarn and needles as a sketchbook.I'd been "making up" stuff for years on paper; but what sort of freaky genius would you need to be to doodle with wool?When I put up the pictures of Abigail's Sheep in the Meadow sweater, this question came to mind because several of you were kind enough to ask how I'd made the sheep for the pocket.Since you asked, I 'm going to press my mental rewind button and see if I can reconstruct how I did it.Mind you, this may prove incredibly boring.Schulz, creator of Peanuts and a personal household god: if you can't draw it realistically, you can't cartoon it convincingly.Not that you must be able to sketch a photorealistic lamb in order to knit one.What makes a lamb look like a lamb?You may pause to say, "Awwwwwwwwww."That's not my own sheep; I found it online.When you need reference material in a hurry, Google's image search function is your friend.Just be forewarned: seemingly innocent queries like "sheep" or "cupcake" can yield shocking results.Turn on the "safe search" filter if you have a low tolerance for surprises.If that's impossible, I look over photographs of as many as I can in order to synthesize in my head what the essential characteristics are.There are no correct answers.This is your lamb, seen through your eyes.Here are two noses from that perennially opposed pair, the lion and the lamb.Simplify them, as in a cartoon, and the similarity is even greater.Silhouettes are another story.Pull back to reveal the full outline of the head, and you're never going to mistake these two for cousins, even with all other details removed.So, as the final step for today's entry, here's how you might see the major outlines of the sheep you intend to knit.Together, they look like this.What is a boy raised in the tropics to do when he's freezing to death in the midst of a nasty, chilly Chicago January?Why, go north to Michigan, that's what!Threadbear Fiber Arts Studio in Lansing, Michigan on Saturday, January 26 from 10 am to 5:30 pm.The usual guidelines apply: no advance registration, etcetera.If you're not familiar with how it all works, please take a look before you come on over.Malta, two summers ago on a university tour.Rather than be stuck on a bus, I wandered at whim up and down (mostly up, it seemed at the time) streets like these.Look at the adorable ear flaps.They cover the neck, too.And my swanlike neck is terribly, terribly sensitive to frosty winter draughts, don't you know.And then as lagniappe in addition to all that function, you get a pointy top with a tassel!Malabrigo Chunky that I picked up at ImagiKnit, so it's all squishy and soft like a kitten.Much more fun to scribble about most recent 1,000 Knitters shoot, which happened December 22 at Purl Diva in Brunswick, Maine.Christmas I admit I hesitated.However, Ellen's enthusiasm was contagious; and after having so many commenters write, "What?You went yarn shopping in Maine and you didn't go to Purl Diva?"Ellen and Paul (her incredibly sweet boyfriend) had set up a fantastic shooting space in the shop's office complete with stool, backdrop, and a pair of studio lamps from Paul's own collection (he's an artist).In the office, I could hear quite a hum coming from the shop but had no idea how many folks were coming in until Paul brought me the startling news that by about five o'clock there were thirty people waiting.Lilith, Knitter 0277, who drove to Maine from Connecticut just to for the occasion.These are knitters for whom layers of wool are a necessity.The knitters, on the other hand, I can see peering closely at this portrait or that and saying, "That's by Norah Gaughan, isn't it?"Mel, also known as the Saint Francis of Southern Maine.In my family we consider him not only a fun friend, but also a sort of guardian angel.And we had the record broken for most knitters from one family all showing up together: James (son), Suzanne (daughter), and Dianne (mama)."Beach Blanket II" from Loose Ends Yarn of Brunswick.Incidentally, one of the things I love about Purl Diva and couple of the other shops in Maine (including The Yarn Sellar in York, whose owner, Patti, is Knitter 0266) is that they keep local products on the shelves.We capped off the evening with a restorative dinner at a fantabulous Mexican place in Brunswick, and then Paul chauffered me back to Gorham.The complete royal treatment.Thanks to all who were there that night,* all who took part in the first year of The 1,000 Knitters Project, and all who've been among the many who supported it at a distance.The next 700 of you: get ready.Christmas Knitting 2007 Further Revealed!Yeah, it's sort of like that.What was I talking about?Christmas: the Sheep in the Meadow Baby Jacket.Guess how I came up with the name.Let's make this nice and neat."Go thou, pick up thy needles and make a sweater with a little sheep on it."Anyhow, I picked up the notebook I keep next to the bed for jotting down cartoon ideas and the names of people I'd like to have shot, and I wrote "sheep sweater little" and went back to reading about the origins of the serif and forgot the whole thing.What was I talking about?At Babetta's Yarn and Gifts the whole scene came back in a flash.In about fifteen minuntes I selected and purchased all the yarn.When I got home, I put the yarn into the stash cupboard and forgot about it again for another month or so.Elizabeth Zimmerman's Bog Jacket.Tulip Jacket rave reviews and almost daily use until Abigail finally outgrew it.With the intended recipient 900 miles away and sprouting like a weed, I had to make educated guesses about proportions and sizing.Fun Stuff: Such complexity as exists in this otherwise simple piece is centered on the breast pocket, and even that's pretty simple.Elizabeth Zimmermann afterthought pocket for the first time.You snip with your scissors at the center of the row where you want the pocket to be, and that's how it begins.And let me tell you: if you want to feel like a rock star knitter, stick an afterthought pocket into something.On the whole, I'm pleased.There are some small details I'd change next time (such as deeper sleeves).And if you ask me, it ain't 'alf cute.And it's much more appropriate than Auntie Dolores's gift.Instead, let's talk about knitting.Yarn: Misti Alpaca Lace in colorway...Will I ever learn to hang on to the ball band?She's come a long way, has my mother, since I was a little kid and she'd suggest that I might like to mow the lawn on Saturday morning or have another helping of green beans.We were at Stitches 'n' Scones when Mom spotted the Misti Alpaca Lace and mentioned that it was her favorite shade of green.But secretly, in the deepest wrinkles of my brain, I decided that if I could find a suitable pattern quickly enough, Mom would be getting a lace shawl for Christmas.Notes on the Pattern: Deservedly popular.You begin with this nifty little set of seven or so stitches and then the thing gets bigger, and bigger, and deeper, and wider.You have begun at the center of the top and are working downwards and sideways simultaneously!And you think, Oh Evelyn Clark, you clever little minx!Your actual thoughts may vary.Evelyn Clark, you are a genius and I hope you are living a very comfortable life being waited on hand and foot by unusually attractive servants of whichever gender you prefer.It yields a handsome product which can be knit up by most folks in a surprisingly short (for a shawl) amount of time.Misti Alpaca on a smaller needle.I'm going to tell you about Abigail's Christmas present tomorrow.Christmas Knitting 2007 Further Revealed!Does a Bear Knit in the Woods?Panopticon AS is an independent film and TV production company based in Oslo, Norway, specializing in documentary productions.For the last two years our main focus has been on "The Future of Water", a documentary series for TV about mankind's main resource, water.Please watch our new trailer!"The Future of Water" has now been broadcasted on the Norwegian channel TV 2 .The Minor Foundation for Major Challenges has granted Panopticon support for producing "A Journey in the Future of Water".Norwegian "Photo of the Year" competition 2006 for her photo ducumentary "Waiting in Hell's Backyard".The documentary was directed and edited by Panopticon's Erik Hannemann. |
![Dan Sampson and Jhereal : Solid Gold [12'']](/covers/22/22706/alb_92953_th.jpg "Dan Sampson and Jhereal : Solid Gold [12'']")
