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| In either case, it is a field defined in space, from which many important physical properties may be derived.Many entities in physics may be described as vector fields, but it is often easier to work with the corresponding potentials as proxies for the fields themselves.For instance, some force fields exert forces on a body equal to the product of the field and some invariant scalar property of the body, such as the mass or charge.The electric field also behaves this way in many cases, though in the general case it does not (see Electric potential and Faraday's Law).The mathematical study of potentials is known as potential theory; it is the study of harmonic functions on manifolds.Potential energy can be thought of as energy stored within a physical system.Potential energy exists when there is a force that tends to pull an object back towards some original position when the object is displaced.Or, suppose that a weight is lifted straight up.Instead it is stored as potential energy.More specifically, every conservative force gives rise to potential energy.For example, the work of elastic force is called elastic potential energy; work of gravitational force is called gravitational potential energy, work of the Coulomb force is called electric potential energy; work of strong nuclear force or weak nuclear force acting on the baryon charge is called nuclear potential energy; work of intermolecular forces is called intermolecular potential energy.Thermal energy usually has two components: the kinetic energy of random motion of particles and potential energy of their mutual positions.The phrase 'potential energy' was coined by William Rankine.PEF is the change in the potential energy associated with that particular force.The most common notations for potential energy are PE and U.Gravitational potential energy
2 Elastic potential energy
2.Chemical potential energy
4 Electrical potential energy
4.Electrostatic potential energy
4.Electrodynamic potential energy
4.The gravitational force keeps the planets in orbit about the Sun.For example, consider a book, placed on top of a table.When the book is raised from the floor to the table, the gravitational force does negative work.Thus, if the book is knocked off the table, this work (called potential energy) goes to accelerate the book (and is converted into kinetic energy).An object at a certain height above the Moon's surface has less gravitational potential energy than at the same height on Earth because the Moon's gravity is weaker.It is important to note that "height" in the common sense of the term cannot be used for gravitational potential energy calculations when gravity is not assumed to be a constant.The following sections provide more detail.If h is the height above an arbitrarily assigned reference point, then where PE is the gravitational potential energy of an object of mass m at that point.Remember, the negative sign is necessary metaphorically speaking.Elastic potential energy is the potential energy of an elastic object (for example a bow or a catapult) that is deformed under tension or compression (often termed under the word stress by physicists).The equation is often used in calculations of positions of mechanical equilibrium.Chemical potential energy
Chemical potential energy is a form of potential energy related to the structural arrangement of atoms or molecules.This arrangement may be the result of chemical bonds within a molecule or otherwise.Chemical energy of a chemical substance can be transformed to other forms of energy by a chemical reaction.For example, when a fuel is burned the chemical energy is converted to heat, same is the case with digestion of food metabolized in a biological organism.The similar term chemical potential is used by chemists to indicate the potential of a substance to undergo a chemical reaction.An object can also have potential energy by virtue of its electric charge and several forces related to their presence.There are three main kinds of this kind of potential energy; electrostatic potential energy, electrodynamic potential energy (also sometimes called magnetic potential energy), and nuclear potential energy.Electrostatic potential energy
In case the electric charge of an object can be assumed to be at rest, it has potential energy due to its position relative to other charged objects.This equation is obtained by integrating the Coulomb force between the limits of infinity and d.This kind of potential energy is a result of the phenomenon magnetism, whereby an object that is magnetic has the potential to move other similar objects.Nuclear potential energy
Nuclear potential energy, is the potential energy of the particles inside an atomic nucleus, some of which are indeed electrically charged.This kind of potential energy is different from the previous two kinds of electrical potential energies because in this case the charged particles are extremely close to each other.The nuclear particles are bound together not because of the coulombic force but due to strong nuclear force that binds nuclear particles more strongly and closely.Weak nuclear forces provide the potential energy for certain kinds of radioactive decay, such as beta decay.The energy from the Sun, also called solar energy, is an example of this form of energy conversion.In most other contexts, the equation is written with no subscript.Thus, this equation quantifies the equivalence of mass and energy.For example, gravity is a conservative force.You might set it to be zero at the surface of the Earth or you might find it more convenient to set it zero at infinity.If it did then it would be pointless to define a potential at each point in space.All the examples above are actually force field stored energy (sometimes in disguise).For example in elastic potential energy, stretching an elastic material forces the atoms very slightly further apart.Equilibrium between electromagnetic forces and Pauli repulsion of electrons (they are fermions obeying Fermi statistics) is slightly violated resulting in small returning force.Scientists rarely talk about forces on an atomic scale.Often interactions are described in terms of energy rather than force.Because Euclidean space is contractible, its de Rham cohomology vanishes, so every closed form is exact, i.Physics for Scientists and Engineers (6th ed.Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Mechanics, Oscillations and Waves, Thermodynamics (5th ed.See Copyrights for details.The list of job applications has been narrowed to half a dozen potentials.Having possibility, capability, or power.Grammar Of, relating to, or being a verbal construction with auxiliaries such as may or can; for example, it may snow.The inherent ability or capacity for growth, development, or coming into being.Something possessing the capacity for growth or development.The amount of energy per unit charge needed to move a charged particle from a reference point to a designated point in a static electric field; voltage.Example: That hole in the road is a potential danger.Example: The land has great farming potential; He shows potential as a teacher.Capable of being but not yet in existence; latent.Published by Houghton Mifflin Company.Lexico Publishing Group, LLC.Potential energy is energy which results from position or configuration.The force on an object is the negative of the derivative of the potential function U.The force you must exert to move it must be equal but oppositely directed, and that is the source of the negative sign.The force exerted by the force field always tends toward lower energy and will act to reduce the potential energy.The negative sign on the derivative shows that if the potential U increases with increasing r, the force will tend to move it toward smaller r to decrease the potential energy.Potential Energy Derivative
If the potential energy function U is known, the force at any point can be obtained by taking the derivative of the potential.Potential Energy Integral
If the force is known, and is a conservative force, then the potential energy can be obtained by integrating the force.Fortune 500 companies, their resellers and their joint customers.Etymology
From Late Latin potentialis, from Latin potentia.It is called also Newtonian potential when the force is directed to a fixed center and is inversely as the square of the distance from the center.Existing in possibility, not in actuality.Content is available under GNU Free Documentation License.Leaders in organizations are faced with new and constantly changing roles and increased demands on their time.Having possibility, capability, or power.Grammar Of, relating to, or being a verbal construction with auxiliaries such as may or can; for example, it may snow.Something possessing the capacity for growth or development.Grammar A potential verb form.Flatland by Abbott, Edwin View in contextThe broken furniture, grimey walls, and general disorder and dirt of her home of a sudden appeared before her and began to take a potential aspect. |
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