| Note that these variables are not only used in this JSP.Looks like the autocomplete attribute needs to be set when the page loads.For flights, please visit our flight reservation center.For cars, please visit our car rental reservation center.Europe, and in Italy in particular.The term Renaissance, adopted from the French equivalent of the Italian
word rinascita, meaning literally "rebirth," describes the radical and
comprehensive changes that took place in European culture during the 15th and
16th centuries, bringing about the demise of the Middle Ages and embodying
for the first time the values of the modern world.The consciousness of cultural rebirth was itself a characteristic of the
Renaissance.Italian scholars and critics of this period proclaimed that
their age had progressed beyond the barbarism of the past and had found its
inspiration, and its closest parallel, in the civilizations of ancient Greece
and Rome.The term Renaissance, describing the period of European history from the
early 14th to the late 16th century, is derived from the French word for
rebirth, and originally referred to the revival of the values and artistic
styles of classical antiquity during that period, especially in Italy.In 1550 the art historian Giorgio VASARI used the word rinascita
(rebirth) to describe the return to the ancient Roman manner of painting by
Giotto di Bondone
about the beginning of the 14th century.It was only later that the word Renaissance acquired a broader meaning.Voltaire in the 18th century classified the Renaissance in Italy as one of
the great ages of human cultural achievement.In the 19th century, Jules
MICHELET and Jakob BURCKHARDT popularized the idea of the Renaissance as a
distinct historical period heralding the modern age, characterized by the
rise of the individual, scientific inquiry and geographical exploration, and
the growth of secular values.In the 20th century the term was broadened to
include other revivals of classical culture, such as the Carolingian
Renaissance of the 9th century or the Renaissance of the 12th Century.Emphasis on medieval renaissances tended to undermine a belief in the unique
and distinctive qualities of the Italian Renaissance, and some historians of
science, technology and economy even denied the validity of the term.Renaissance style in music, literature and the arts.Renaissance HUMANISM became the
major intellectual movement of the period, and its achievements became
permanent.By the 15th century intensive study of the Greek as well as Latin
classics, ancient art and archaeology, and classical history, had given
Renaissance scholars a more sophisticated view of antiquity.The ancient
past was now viewed as past, to be admired and imitated, but not to be
revived.In many ways, the period of the Renaissance saw a decline from the
prosperity of the High Middle Ages.Probably the actual per capita wealth of the survivors of the
Black Death rose in the second half of the 14th century.Venice in the Mediterranean and the HANSEATIC LEAGUE in the north
of Europe.The culture of Renaissance Italy was distinguished by many highly
competitive and advanced urban areas.Unlike England and France, Italy
possessed no dominating capital city, but developed a number of centers for
regional states: Milan for Lombardy, Rome for the Papal States, Florence and
Siena for Tuscany, and Venice for northeastern Italy.Smaller centers of
Renaissance culture developed around the brilliant court life at Ferrara,
Mantua, and Urbino.The chief patrons of Renaissance art and literature were
the merchant classes of Florence and Venice, which created in the Renaissance
palace their own distinctive home and workplace, fitted for both business and
rearing and nurture of the next generation of urban rulers.The later
Renaissance was marked by a growth of bureaucracy, an increase in state
authority in the areas of justice and taxation, and the creation of larger
regional states.French invasions of 1494, Italy experienced a great
flowering of culture, especially in Florence and Tuscany under the MEDICI.During the 15th century, students from many European nations had come to
Italy to study the classics, philosophy, and the remains of antiquity,
eventually spreading the Renaissance north of the Alps.Italian literature
and art, even Italian clothing and furniture designs were imitated in France,
Spain, England, the Netherlands, and Germany, but as Renaissance values came
to the north, they were transformed.Northern humanists such as Desiderius
ERASMUS of the Netherlands and John Colet (c.England planted
the first seeds of the Reformation when they applied critical methods
developed in Italy to the study of the New Testament.No single philosophy or ideology dominated the intellectual life of the
Renaissance.In the second half of the 15th century, Renaissance thinkers such as
Marsilio FICINO at the Platonic Academy in Florence turned to more
metaphysical speculation.Rather
there was an effort at philosophical syncretism, to combine apparently
conflicting philosophies, and find common ground for agreement about the
truth as did Giovanni PICO DELLA MIRANDOLA in his Oration on the Dignity of
Man (1486).Renaissance science consisted mainly of the study of medicine,
physics, and mathematics, depending on ancient masters, such as Galen,
Aristotle, and Euclid.Experimental science in anatomy and alchemy led to
discoveries both within and outside university settings.Under the veneer of magnificent works of art and the refined court life
described in BALDASSAIC CASTIGLIONE's Book of the Courtier, the Renaissance
had a darker side.Interest in the occult, magic, and astrology was widespread,
and the officially sanctioned persecution for witchcraft began during the
Renaissance period.The greatest Renaissance thinker, Nicolo
MACHIAVELLI, in his Prince and Discourses, constructed a realistic science
of human nature aiming at the reform of Italian society and the creation of a
secure civil life.Machiavelli's republican principles informed by a
pragmatic view of power politics and the necessity of violent change were the
most original contribution of the Renaissance to the modern world.The Renaissance lived on in established canons of taste and literature and
in a distinctive Renaissance style in art, music, and architecture, the last
often revived.Finally, the Renaissance spawned the great creative
vernacular literature of the late 16th century: the earthy fantasies of
RABELAIS, the worldly essays of MONTAIGNE, the probing analysis of the human
condition in the plays of William SHAKESPEARE.Info
Thanks to the BMW Foundation, the WebMuseum
mirrors,
partners and contributors
for their support.Live forever or die trying.Plot Outline:
In 2054, Paris is a labyrinth where all movement is monitored and recorded.Cast overview, first billed only) Daniel Craig ...Bislane Tasuiev (voice)Laura Blanc ...Paul Dellenbach (voice)Gabriel Le Doze ...Paul Dellenbach (voice)Ian Holm ...Jonas Muller (voice)Marc Cassot ...Pierre Amiel (voice)Kevork Malikyan ...Trivia:
Renaissance took six years to complete on a budget of 15 million dollars.Thank you, your vote will be counted and appear on this page within 24 hours.Sorry, there was a problem collecting your vote.Internet Movie Database Inc.Renaissance enthusiasts, written by Maggie Secara
and designed for the Web by Paula Kate Marmor.Download the Compendium
as a singleAdobe Acrobat file for printing.Elizabethan Sumptuary Statutes
Maggie Secara on sumptuary laws, with annotated
transcriptions of the primary texts.The Trial of the Earls of Essex and
Southampton, 1601
A transcription of the treason trial that followed
the Essex Rebellion, with modernized spelling, from the 1679
edition The Arraignment, Tryal, and Condemnation of Robert Earl of Essex,
edited and annotated for the web by Maggie Secara, decorated by Paula Kate Marmor.The Renaissance
Conference
Renaissance sponsors
Discussion Groups at Dueling Modems.Renaissance Sites
Other
Links to over 100 recommended Renaissance and Elizabethan resources on the web.They began to explore new lands.Renaissance to be the beginning of modern history.Greeks in their libraries.Arabs, ideas were exchanged along with goods.It influenced painting, sculpture, and architecture.Rich families became patrons and commissioned great art.Last updated September 24, 2007.If your browser does not support image maps, click here.Latin classics and copyists multiplied them.Rome, Mautua, Verona, and many other towns.Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler and Newton.News
The very latest about Renaissance and
what's new here at the Northern Lights website.History
Covers the band's history from 1969 to
present day; also covers the artists' solo careers thoroughly.Discography
An exhaustive international listing of
the band's and artists' releases throughout their careers.Lyrics Archive
Cover images for all of the band's
and many of the artists' solo releases, with links to our complete lyrics
archive.MIDI
files and guitar chords.About
All about this web site, its authors and the many
contributors who make Northern Lights a continued success.Links
Fan club information and other interesting places
for Renaissance fans to visit on the internet.Your comments are always welcome and encouraged! |
