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Sharpshooters |
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Info: Biography, Pictures, Discography of all CDs & DVDs |
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| If you are a player who has good skills and who has the desire to play hockey at the highest level, and who believes in the values of hard work, good sportsmanship, commitment and dedication, then we encourage you to look at the Glacier Sharp Shooters, come out and join our family, we are confident you will see the difference and will not be disappointed.Squad Designated Marksman' (United States Army) or 'Designated Marksman' (United States Marine Corps).Another term for a marksman is a sharpshooter.Holders of the rating wear a crossed rifles badge on the lower sleeve.Historically
One of the first true appearances of units of sharpshooters was during the American Revolution.The most famous unit of riflemen was Morgan's Riflemen.The Rifles were the elite of the British Army, and served at the forefront of any engagement, most often in skirmish formation, scouting out and delaying the enemy.The sharpshooters used by both sides in the Civil War were less used as snipers, and more as skirmishers and scouts.The most notable sharpshooter units of the Civil War were the 1st and 2nd United States Volunteer Sharpshooter Regiment (USSS), who were formed from all states under the command of Hiram Berdan, who was reputed to be the best amateur marksman in the nation at that time.Confederate sharpshooters were often less well equipped, using British Whitworth rifles, rather than breech loading Berdan Sharps rifles.Native American company of sharpshooters in the Union Army.These men, primarily Ojibwe and Potawotami from northern Michigan, comprised the members of the 1st Michigan Sharpshooters, Company K.This page was last modified 15:30, 27 November 2007.See Copyrights for details.Homalodisca
coagulata (Say), on cotton.Disturbed
sharpshooters will slip quickly behind branches and stems to avoid predators, an action not unlike
the behavior of army sharpshooter riflemen who would hide behind the trunks of trees to avoid
detection by the opposition as they passed by their position.Sharpshooters are leafhoppers in the tribes Proconiini and Cicadellini within the family Cicadellidae in the
suborder Auchenorrhyncha of the Hemiptera.Worldwide, there are nearly 20,000 described
species, making the Cicadellidae the 10th largest insect family.Because leafhopper diversity is directly related to plant diversity, many
more new species will be undoubtedly be described as entomologists continue to explore pristine
tropical regions.Sharpshooters are expert jumpers with powerful hind legs lined with a row of
distinct spines on the tibia.The nymphs
of sharpshooters are wingless but are capable of powerful leaps to search for food and to avoid
predators.Sharpshooters have large eyes for excellent visual acuity to avoid detection and
capture by potential predators.Sharpshooters develop through a gradual metamorphosis.Several species of sharpshooters produce a white chalky material known as
brochosomes that is placed on the wing covers.The adult stage
initially emerges with small wings that require a few hours to fully expand and harden.The
number of generations varies between sharpshooter species but is usually one to two per year.Sharpshooters have
been recorded to consume, process, and excrete 17 ml per day (Tipping unpublished data).The filter chamber allows for
greater efficiency in absorbing nutrients from the dilute xylem fluid.Sharpshooters tend to find and congregate on
certain plants during different times of the season to maximize nutrient consumption (Mizell and
French 1987).Because sharpshooters disperse relatively long distances as both nymphs and adults in their search
for adequate nutrition required for development, maintenance, and reproduction, they feed on a
great variety of plants.Sharpshooters can cause physical damage to plants by the insertion of
their mouthparts or by robbing the plant of important nutrients.Some of these
pathogens include viruses, bacteria, and other microorganisms (McClure et al.One of the most important disease organisms vectored by sharpshooters is the
bacterium Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al.Sharpshooters can acquire the bacterium after they feed on
an infected plant.Once they have acquired Xylella, adult sharpshooters can vector it for the remainder of their lives.The natural enemies of sharpshooters include predatory insects such as mantids and dragonflies.Free living and snare building spiders also capture and eat sharpshooters.In Florida, anoles have
been observed eating sharpshooters.Small parasitic wasps in the genus Gonatocerus are
important natural enemies of sharpshooters because they attack the egg stage of several species
(Lopez et al.In North Florida, several species of fungal pathogens reach epizootic levels in two species of
sharpshooters, Homalodisca coagulata and Oncometopia nigricans.Oncometopia nigricans
is often stylopized (attacked by a strepsipteran) by an unidentified species of Halictophagidae.These parasites do not kill the sharpshooter host, however they have been reported to reduce the
fecundity of infested females.Metabolism of amino acids, organic acids and
sugars extracted from the xylem fluid of four host plants by Homalodisca coagulata.Overwintering biology, food
supplementation and parasitism of eggs of Homalodisca coagulata (Say) (Homoptera:
Cicadellidae) by Gonatocerus ashmeadi Girault and Gonatocerus morilli (Howard)
(Hymenoptera: Mymaridae).McClure MS, Andreadis TG, Levy GH.Xylella fastidiosa diseases and
their leafhopper vectors.Surveys of leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) and pear psylla
(Homoptera: Psyllidae) in pear and peach orchards and the spread of peach yellow leaf roll
disease.Powdering of egg nests with brochosomes and related sexual dimorphism in
leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae).Dispersal adaptations of immature stages of three
species of leafhopper (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae).Life histories and behaviors of five insect vectors of phony peach
disease.Wells JM, Raju BC, Hung HY, Weisburg WG, Paul LM, Brenner DJ.Mizell III, University of Florida
Photographs: C.Tipping, University of Florida; and J.Mizell, digitized and edited: C.Tipping, University of Florida
Project Coordinator: Thomas R. |
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