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Shusha |
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Info: Biography, Pictures, Discography of all CDs & DVDs |
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| Shusha has immence historical, cultural and spiritual importance to the Azeris.Being home to many Azeri intellectuals, poets, writers and especially, musicians, Shusha is considered the cradle of contemporary Azeri culture and music.It is also of high religious and strategic importance to the Armenians, housing the Karabakh Armenian Cathedral and serving (along with Lachin district to the west) as a land link to Armenia.Shusha and more broadly, the Karabakh region of Azerbaijan.Shusha, information which is available online and in print, but which is scattered.Shusha, would find at least some information of interest.Kazakh, with centers in Ganje town and Kazakh district; 3) Karabakh (with major centers in Shusha, surrounding villages and Jabrayil; and 4) Tabriz with centers in Tabriz and Ardebil in South (Iranian) Azerbaijan.Shusha, located in the western part of Azerbaijan,
is the city most directly affected by the Karabakh conflict.The townspeople had always imagined their town to
be invincible.They were stunned to realize that it just wasn't
so.To this day, Shusha is still occupied by Armenian military
forces.Photo: One of Shusha's previous landmarks.The fact that they cannot live there today is
felt as a deep psychological wound and insult.Left: Shusha as it used to
be before the war.Now the city is occupied by Armenians.Right:
The Cultural Museum in Shaki
on the occasion in 1990 to celebrate the 100th Jubilee of Uzeyir
Hajibeyov, famous composer whose statue is on the left.Persian Shah, who had just had his brother
killed.Mohammad Shah of the Gajar dynasty surrounded Shusha with his
Persian army.How can you sit in that 'glass fortress?God will protect me
even in this 'glass.Karabakh region housed in a local
mosque.During the Soviet period, many religious buildings were
converted for such use.Panah Vagif was from Shusha.Azerbaijani poetry and who
served as the vizier of Ibrahim Khan.Prior to the Armenian occupation,
homes of several of these figures had been converted into museums.Shusha carpets are unique for the size, pattern and coloring.As the houses in Shusha were quite large, so were their carpets.Bright cheerful colors prevail in designs that are predominately
based on small geometric patterns.Shusha used to have its own
carpet museum.Shusha was in danger of being captured,
the carpets are now secure in Baku today.Today, the Shusha carpets, like many of the Shusha people, have
taken refuge in Baku.The Azeri people are also proud
of the horses raised in the Karabakh.Later a tunnel was dug through the cave so that the khan and
his family could escape.Shusha is quite unlike the place
it used to be.Other houses have been occupied by squatters.Azerbaijanis will reclaim what they consider to
be the city most representative of their cultural heritage.He succeeded in growing each of them except for the khari bulbul,
a flower associated with the town of Shusha.Latin, genera Epilobium
L.The plant is used in traditional medicine of Azerbaijan.Azeris who had to flee Shusha (1992), and who now live
as refugees, can once again return home.Shushi) is a rayon of Azerbaijan.Karabakh, and is completely under Armenian control.This Azerbaijan location article is a stub.Iran, he needed to build a new more reliable castle.Muhammed Hassan khan besieged Shusha (Panahabad at that time) but soon had to retreat, because of the attack on his khanate of his major opponent to the Iranian throne Kerim khan Zend.His retreat was so hasty that he even left his cannons under the walls of Shusha fortress.Panah Ali khan counterattacked the retreating troops of Muhammad Hassan khan and even briefly took Ardebil accross the Araz river in South (Iranian) Azerbaijan.In 1756 (or 1759) Shusha and the Karabakh khanate underwent a new attack from Fatali khan Afshar, ruler of Urmia.Siege of Shusha lasted for six months and Fatali khan eventually had to retreat.After Panah Ali khan's death his son Ibrahim Khalil khan became the ruler of the Karabakh khanate.Under him Karabakh khanate became one of the strongest state formations in 18th century.Azerbaijan and Shusha turned into a big city.Aga Muhammad khan Qajar, son of Muhammad Hassan khan who attacked Shusha in 1752.For this purpose he also wanted to proclaim himself shah (king) of Iran.Therefore, Karabakh khanate and his fortified capital Shusha, were the first and major obstacle to achieve these ends.The number of militia in Shusha reached 15,000.The siege lasted for 33 days.Trying to revenge for the previous humiliating defeat Qajar devastated the surrounding villages near Shusha.Thus, in 1797 Aga Muhammed shah succeeded to seize Shusha and Ibrahim Khalil khan had to flee to Dagestan.However, several days after seizure of Shusha, Aga Muhammed shah was killed in enigmatic circumstances by his bodyguards.The Iranian troops left without head ran away and soon afterwards, Ibrahim Khalil khan returned to Shusha and restored his authority as khan of Karabakh.From the early 19th century Russian influence in the Caucasus began to rise.Iranian wars, Iran recognized belonging of the Karabakh khanate, along with many other Azerbaijanian khanates, to Russia.Nevertheless, Shusha grew and developed.By the second half of the 19th century Shusha became the largest town in Azerbaijan and the second largest town in the Caucasus after Tbilisi.Turkish war and Armenian riots in the Ottoman Empire produced new waves of Armenian refugees who resettled in many parts of Azerbaijan, including Shusha.Shusha was 1,111 (72.By the end of the 19th century the percentage of Azeri population living in the Shusha district (part of earlier Karabakh province) decreased even further.Russian census of 1897 Azeris constituted only 45.Shusha was also the biggest center of silk production in the Caucasus.Karabakh in wintering pastures and spring and summer in summering pastures in Shusha and other mountainous parts.This new phenomenon had two reasons.Soon, the conflict spilled over to other parts of the Caucasus, and on August 5, 1905 first conflict between the Armenian and Azeri population of Shusha took place.As a result of mutual pogroms and killings, hundreds of people died, more than 200 houses were burned.The Armenian government tried several times to seize Shusha militarily.In January 1919 Armenian troops advanced towards Shusha, captured and destroyed 9 Azeri villages on their way but eventually had to retreat.In January 1919 the government of Azerbaijan decided to create a governorship in Karabakh with a regional capital in Shusha.Karabakh was pending final decision in Paris Peace Conference.Azeris celebrated Spring Equinox (Novruz Bayram), local Armenian groupings organized a surprise attack aimed at cleansing the town from the Azeri population.They seized the approaches to Shusha, Khankendi, and the Askeran fortress and began to attack the Azeri part of the town and burn the houses on their way.Armenian quarters of Shusha and burned almost the whole Armenian part of the town, forcing the Armenian population to flee.During these clashes thousands of people from both Armenian and Azeris died, more than 7,000 houses were burned and Shusha was virtually cleansed of its Armenian population.Turkey, hoping that it would, with a little help from Russia, develop along Communist lines.Needing to appease Turkey and Armenia at the same time, Moscow agreed to a division that transferred Zangezur to Armenia, while leaving Karabakh and Nakhchivan as parts of Azerbaijan.Proceeding from the necessity of national peace between the Muslims and Armenians, and economic links of the upland and lowland Karabakh, its constant link with Azerbaijan, to leave the Mountainous Karabakh within the Azerbaijan SSR, having granted it a broad regional autonomy with the administrative center in the town of Shusha included in the autonomous region.Karabakh Autonomous Region was established within the Azerbaijan SSR in 1923.Azeri clashes and burning of the town, Shusha reduced to a small provincial town of some 10,000.Khankendi (renamed Stepanakert after an Armenian communist Stepan Shahumian), which previously was a small village, became a new regional capital and soon turned into the largest town within Mountainous Karabakh Autonomous Region.Azeri conflict in 1988 Shusha became the most important Azeri stronghold in Karabakh."Caucasus Calendar" ("Kavkazskiy kalendar" in Russian) of 1886, Tiflis, 1885, p.Rissian) Tiflis, 1912 p.Karabakh's
main city, Xankandi (Stepankert).Panah Khan's
son and successor, Ibrahim Kahil Khan renamed the town Shusha Galasi (Shusha
Castle), apparently after a nearby village.Persian wars, Iran recognized
sovereignty of the Karabakh khanate, along with many other khanates, to
Russia.The Karabakh khanate was eliminated in
1822.Shusha held
out for several months and never fell.Armenian settlement in
Karabakh and other parts of Azerbaijan that took place throughout the 19th
century.Turkish war produced new waves of Armenian
refugees who resettled in many parts of Russian ruled Caucasus, including
Shusha.Beginning
from 1830s the town was divided into two parts: Azeris lived in eastern
lower quarters, Armenians settled in relatively new western upper quarters
of the town.Shusha was also the biggest center of silk production in the Caucasus.Karabakh in wintering pastures and spring
and summer in summering pastures in Shusha and other mountainous parts.In 1920 the Red Army first invaded Azerbaijan
and then Armenia and put an end to the national de facto governments existing
in these two countries.Azeri clashes and
burning of the town, Shusha was reduced to a small provincial town of some
10,000.Khankendi (renamed Stepanakert after an Armenian communist Stepan
Shaumyan), which previously was a small village, became a new regional
capital and soon turned into the largest town within Mountainous Karabakh
Autonomous Region.Stepanakert, and it
was the last major Azeri town in Karabakh to fell to Armenian troops on
May 9, 1992.Although Shusha had a reputation for invincibility, the Armenians
surprised the Azeri defenders with a bluff operation, making them believe
they were almost surrounded.Today the town still bears some of the scars
left by the war.In the present 'cold peace' climate, in
order to reach Shusha you must go trough Armenia, you can either come via
Xankandi or simply take a bus or marshrutka from Yerevan via the Lachin
corridor.See the section on visas,
for details.Reflecting its past, the town has important
roles in both Armenian and Azeri tradition and culture.For the Armenians Shusha has a deep of
spiritual meaning, being the seat of the Bishop of Artsakh and houses its
cathedral.Shusha was famous for its carpets as well
as for the mugams, traditional Azeri vocal and musical compositions.Armenian tank that made it into Shusha in May 1992 ...Shusha
has well preserved fortifications and walls as well as two XIXth century
churches, Ganach Jham and the Cathedral of the Holy Saviour.You can also visit three mosques,
which although damaged, have not been demolished by the Armenian authorities
and are shown to visitors on "package tours".Visit the huge cave known as "treasure fortress" (Khazma Gala), which has
10 rooms.The
mountains nearby offer spectacular views, try going to the nearby village
of Karin Tak, where you'll be able to enjoy on the the best panoramas in
the Caucasus.Baku)
Photos of Shusha by M.Registered Homoeopath and Reflexologist.Allergy Testing qualified in 1996 and Indian Head Massage qualified in 2001 (a gentle therapy that can help to achieve complete relaxation and a sense of well being).Shusha also runs day courses on a Saturday every two or three months, to help people in all walks of life to develop their intuition.In particular she runs courses for business people which aid the corporate world to understand their employees and customers better. |
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