| New York City, New York, U.January 1943) was an inventor, physicist, mechanical engineer, and electrical engineer.Tesla is best known for his many revolutionary contributions to the discipline of electricity and magnetism in the late 19th and early 20th century.Tesla's patents and theoretical work formed the basis of modern alternating current electric power (AC) systems, including the polyphase power distribution systems and the AC motor, with which he helped usher in the Second Industrial Revolution.After his demonstration of wireless communication (radio) in 1893 and after being the victor in the "War of Currents", he was widely respected as America's greatest electrical engineer.Much of his early work pioneered modern electrical engineering and many of his discoveries were of groundbreaking importance.Tesla was ultimately ostracized and regarded as a mad scientist.Never having put much focus on his finances, Tesla died impoverished at the age of 86.In 1943, the Supreme Court of the United States credited him as being the inventor of the radio.Tesla is honoured in both Serbia and Croatia, as well as his adopted home, the United States.Death
5 Legacy
6 Personality
7 Monuments
8 Tesla in live theatre
9 See also
10 Notes
11 References
12 Further reading
12.His baptism certificate reports that he was born on June 28 (N.Milutin Tesla, a priest in the Serbian Orthodox Church Metropolitanate of Sremski Karlovci.Milutin was born on 19 February 1819 in the village of Meduc, county Medak in Lika, Austrian Empire, as son of Nikola Tesla (b.Tesla's family asserted its last name as such in Lika.She memorized many Serbian epic poems, but never learned to read.His godfather, Jovan Drenovac, was a captain in the army protecting the Military Frontier.Nikola was five) and three sisters (Milka, Angelina and Marica).Tesla went to school in Karlovac.He finished a four year term in the span of three years.Tesla then studied electrical engineering at the Austrian Polytechnic in Graz (1875).While there, he studied the uses of alternating current.Some sources say he received Baccalaureate degrees from the university at Graz.Others have stated that he was discharged without a degree for nonpayment of his tuition for the first semester of his junior year.He suffered a nervous breakdown during this time.However after his father died he left the university, having completed only one term.Tesla engaged in reading many works, memorizing complete books.He had a photographic memory.Tesla related in his autobiography that he experienced detailed moments of inspiration.During his early life, Tesla was stricken with illness time and time again.He suffered a peculiar affliction in which blinding flashes of light would appear before his eyes, often accompanied by hallucinations.Tesla would visualise an invention in his brain in precise form before moving to the construction stage; a technique sometimes known as picture thinking.Tesla also often had flashbacks to events that had happened previously in his life; this began to happen during childhood.Although their encounter was brief, they did work on a project together using twin turbines to create continual power.On the opening of the telephone exchange in Budapest, 1881, Tesla became the chief electrician to the company, and was later engineer for the country's first telephone system.In the same year, Tesla conceived the induction motor and began developing various devices that use rotating magnetic fields (for which he received patents in 1888).Soon thereafter, Tesla hastened from Paris to his mother's side as she lay dying, arriving hours before her death in April, 1892.After her death, Tesla fell ill.United States
On June 6, 1884, Tesla first arrived in the US in New York City.In the letter of recommendation to Thomas Edison, Charles Batchelor wrote, "I know two great men and you are one of them; the other is this young man."Edison hired Tesla to work for his company Edison Machine Works.Tesla's work for Edison began with simple electrical engineering and quickly progressed to solving the company's most difficult problems.Tesla was offered the task of a complete redesign of the Edison company's direct current generators.Edison's inefficient motor and generators, an improvement in both service and economy.Tesla said he worked night and day to redesign them and gave the Edison company several profitable new patents in the process.During the year of 1885, when Tesla inquired about the payment on the work, Edison replied to him, "Tesla, you don't understand our American humor," and reneged on his promise.Edison had also never wanted to hear about Tesla's AC polyphase designs, believing that DC electricity was the future.Tesla focused intently on his AC polyphase system, even while digging ditches.Forms of commutators and methods of regulating third brushes
Tesla turbines (eg.The initial financial investors disagreed with Tesla on his plan for an alternating current motor and eventually relieved him of his duties at the company.Tesla worked in New York as a common laborer from 1886 to 1887 to feed himself and raise capital for his next project.In 1887, he constructed the initial brushless alternating current induction motor, which he demonstrated to the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (now IEEE) in 1888.Manufacturing Company's Pittsburgh labs.He also used Geissler tubes.Roentgen rays of much greater power than obtainable with ordinary apparatus."Of his many notes in the early investigation of this phenomenon, he attributed the skin damage to various causes.Nitrous acid may also be responsible, but to a small extent.This view is seemingly being abandoned, having not been substantiated by experimental facts, and so also is the notion that these rays are transverse vibrations.He performed several experiments prior to Roentgen's discovery (including photographing the bones of his hand; later, he sent these images to Roentgen) but didn't make his findings widely known; much of his research was lost in the 5th Avenue lab fire of March 1895.Tesla demonstrated "the transmission of electrical energy without wires" that depends upon electrical conductivity as early as 1891.The Tesla effect (named in honor of Tesla) is the archaic term for an application of this type of electrical conduction (that is, the movement of energy through space and matter; not just the production of voltage across a conductor).On July 30, 1891, he became a naturalized citizen of the United States at the age of 35.Tesla established his 35 South Fifth Avenue laboratory in New York during this same year.Later, Tesla would establish his Houston Street laboratory in New York at 46 E.He also lit vacuum tubes wirelessly at both of the New York locations, providing evidence for the potential of wireless power transmission.Some of Tesla's closest friends were artists.Zmaj (which Tesla translated).Also during this time, Tesla was influenced by the Vedic philosophy teachings of the Swami Vivekananda.Nikola Tesla's AC dynamo used to generate AC which is used to transport electricity across great distances.When Tesla was 36 years old, the first patents concerning the polyphase power system were granted.From 1893 to 1895, he investigated high frequency alternating currents.He generated AC of one million volts using a conical Tesla coil and investigated the skin effect in conductors, designed tuned circuits, invented a machine for inducing sleep, cordless gas discharge lamps, and transmitted electromagnetic energy without wires, building the first radio transmitter.Louis, Missouri, Tesla made a demonstration related to radio communication in 1893.Addressing the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and the National Electric Light Association, he described and demonstrated in detail its principles.Tesla's demonstrations were written about widely through various media outlets.Tesla also investigated harvesting energy that is present throughout space.Ere many generations pass, our machinery will be driven by a power obtainable at any point of the universe.At the 1893 World's Fair, the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, an international exposition was held which for the first time devoted a building to electrical exhibits.It was an historic event as Tesla and George Westinghouse introduced visitors to AC power by using it to illuminate the Exposition.On display were Tesla's fluorescent lamps and single node bulbs.Tesla also explained the principles of the rotating magnetic field and induction motor by demonstrating how to make an egg made of copper stand on end in his demonstration of the device he constructed known as the "Egg of Columbus".Also in the late 1880s, Tesla and Edison became adversaries in part due to Edison's promotion of direct current (DC) for electric power distribution over the more efficient alternating current advocated by Tesla and Westinghouse.Until Tesla invented the induction motor, AC's advantages for long distance high voltage transmission were counterbalanced by the inability to operate motors on AC.As a result of the "War of Currents," Edison and Westinghouse went nearly bankrupt, so in 1897, Tesla released Westinghouse from contract, providing Westinghouse a break from Tesla's patent royalties.Also in 1897, Tesla researched radiation which led to setting up the basic formulation of cosmic rays.US military, believing that the military would want things such as radio controlled torpedoes.Tesla had developed the "Art of Telautomatics", a form of robotics, as well as the technology of remote control.Tesla called his boat a "teleautomaton" and said of it, "You see there the first of a race of robots, mechanical men which will do the laborious work of the human race."Radio remote control remained a novelty until the 1960s.In the same year, Tesla devised an "electric igniter" or spark plug for Internal combustion gasoline engines."Electrical Igniter for Gas Engines", on this mechanical ignition system.Tesla lived in the former Gerlach Hotel, renamed The Radio Wave building, at 49 W 27th St.Broadway and Sixth Avenue), Lower Manhattan, before the end of the century where he conducted the radio wave experiments.Publicity picture of a participant sitting in his laboratory in Colorado Springs with his "Magnifying Transmitter" generating millions of volts.The arcs are about 7 meters (23 ft) long.Tesla's notes identify this as a multiple exposure.Upon his arrival he told reporters that he was conducting wireless telegraphy experiments transmitting signals from Pikes Peak to Paris.Tesla's diary contains explanations of his experiments concerning the ionosphere and the ground's telluric currents via transverse waves and longitudinal waves.At his lab, Tesla proved that the earth was a conductor, and he produced artificial lightning (with discharges consisting of millions of volts, and up to 135 feet long).Tesla also investigated atmospheric electricity, observing lightning signals via his receivers.Reproductions of Tesla's receivers and coherer circuits show an unpredicted level of complexity (e.Tesla stated that he observed stationary waves during this time.Tesla researched ways to transmit power and energy wirelessly over long distances (via transverse waves, to a lesser extent, and, more readily, longitudinal waves).In his experiments, he made mathematical calculations and computations based on his experiments and discovered that the resonant frequency of the Earth was approximately 8 Hertz (Hz).In the 1950s, researchers confirmed that the resonant frequency of the Earth's ionospheric cavity was in this range (later named the Schumann resonance).In the Colorado Springs lab, Tesla observed unusual signals that he later thought may have been evidence of extraterrestrial radio communications coming from Venus or Mars.Tesla had mentioned before this event and many times after that he thought his inventions could be used to talk with other planets.There have even been claims that he invented a "Teslascope" for just such a purpose.It is debatable what type of signals Tesla received or whether he picked up anything at all.Tesla left Colorado Springs on January 7, 1900.The lab was torn down and its contents sold to pay debts.The Colorado experiments prepared Tesla for his next project, the establishment of a wireless power transmission facility that would be known as Wardenclyffe.Tesla was granted U.Pierpont Morgan), Tesla began planning the Wardenclyffe Tower facility.In June 1902, Tesla's lab operations were moved to Wardenclyffe from Houston Street.On his 50th birthday in 1906, Tesla demonstrated his 200 hp (150 kW) 16,000 rpm bladeless turbine.Since the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Marconi for radio in 1909, Thomas Edison and Tesla were mentioned as potential laureates to share the Nobel Prize of 1915 in a press dispatch, leading to one of several Nobel Prize controversies.Some sources have claimed that due to their animosity toward each other neither was given the award, despite their enormous scientific contributions, and that each sought to minimize the other one's achievements and right to win the award, that both refused to ever accept the award if the other received it first, and that both rejected any possibility of sharing it.In the following events after the rumors, neither Tesla nor Edison won the prize (although Edison did receive one of 38 possible bids in 1915, and Tesla did receive one bid out of 38 in 1937).Earlier, Tesla alone was rumored to have been nominated for the Nobel Prize of 1912.In 1915, Tesla filed a lawsuit against Marconi attempting, unsuccessfully, to obtain a court injunction against the claims of Marconi.After Wardenclyffe, Tesla built the Telefunken Wireless Station in Sayville, Long Island.Some of what he wanted to achieve at Wardenclyffe was accomplished with the Telefunken Wireless.Prior to World War I, Tesla looked overseas for investors to fund his research.When the war started, Tesla lost the funding he was receiving from his European patents.World War I environment, in a printed article (December 20, 1914).Tesla believed that the League of Nations was not a remedy for the times and issues.Astoria Hotel, renting in an arrangement for deferred payments.In 1917, around the time that the Wardenclyffe Tower was demolished by Boldt to make the land a more viable real estate asset, Tesla received AIEE's highest honor, the Edison Medal.Tesla, in August 1917, first established principles regarding frequency and power level for the first primitive RADAR units.Girardeau, working with the first French RADAR systems, stated he was building RADAR systems "conceived according to the principles stated by Tesla".By the twenties, Tesla was reportedly negotiating with the United Kingdom government about a ray system.Tesla had also stated that efforts had been made to steal the so called "death ray".It is suggested that the removal of the Chamberlain government ended negotiations.The cover caption noted his contribution to electrical power generation.Tesla received his last patent in 1928 for an apparatus for aerial transportation which was the first instance of VTOL aircraft.By the end of 1931, Tesla released "On Future Motive Power" which covered a ocean thermal energy conversion system.The letter contained the message of gratitude to Mihajlo Pupin who initiated a donation scheme by which American companies could support Tesla.Tesla refused the assistance, and chose to live by a modest pension received from Yugoslavia and to continue researching.In 1936, Tesla stated "I'm equally proud of my Serbian origin and my Croatian homeland."Tesla stated he had completed a dynamic theory of gravity.He stated that it was "worked out in all details" and that he hoped to soon give it to the world.Some believe that Tesla never fully developed the Unified Field Theory.It was completed, according to Tesla, by the end of the 1930s.Tesla's theory explained gravity using electrodynamics consisting of transverse waves (to a lesser extent) and longitudinal waves (for the majority).East Houston Street, New York.Whenever action is born from force, though it be infinitesimal, the cosmic balance is upset and the universal motion results.He has not, but only attributes and these are of our own making.To say that in the presence of large bodies space becomes curved is equivalent to stating that something can act upon nothing.I, for one, refuse to subscribe to such a view.Later in life, Tesla made some remarkable claims concerning a "teleforce" weapon.The press called it a "peace ray" or death ray.An apparatus for producing manifestations of energy in free air instead of in a high vacuum as in the past.This, according to Tesla in 1934, was accomplished.This, according to Tesla, was also accomplished.Energy through the Natural Media" concerning charged particle beams.Tesla published the document in an attempt to expound on the technical description of a "superweapon that would put an end to all war".This treatise of the particle beam is currently in the Nikola Tesla Museum archive in Belgrade.It described an open ended vacuum tube with a gas jet seal that allowed particles to exit, a method of charging particles to millions of volts, and a method of creating and directing nondispersive particle streams (through electrostatic repulsion).Records of his indicate that it was based on a narrow stream of atomic clusters of liquid mercury or tungsten accelerated via high voltage (by means akin to his magnifying transformer).The weapon could be used against ground based infantry or for antiaircraft purposes.Tesla tried to interest the US War Department in the device.He also offered this invention to European countries.None of the governments purchased a contract to build the device.He was unable to act on his plans.Theoretical inventions
Tesla began to theorize about electricity and magnetism's power to warp, or rather change, space and time and the procedure by which man could forcibly control this power.Near the end of his life, Tesla was fascinated with the idea of light as both a particle and a wave, a fundamental proposition already incorporated into quantum physics.This field of inquiry led to the idea of creating a "wall of light" by manipulating electromagnetic waves in a certain pattern.The single strangest invention Tesla ever proposed was probably the "thought photography" machine.Tesla claimed that one of his life goals was to create a flying machine that would run without the use of an airplane engine, wings, ailerons, propellers, or an onboard fuel source.Initially, Tesla pondered about the idea of a flying craft that would fly using an electric motor powered by grounded base stations.The theorized appearance would typically take the form of a cigar or saucer.Tesla died of heart failure alone in the New Yorker Hotel, some time between the evening of January 5 and the morning of January 8, 1943, at the age of 86.Despite selling his AC electricity patents, Tesla was destitute and died with significant debts.Later that year the US Supreme Court upheld Tesla's patent number U.Immediately after Tesla's death became known, the Federal Bureau of Investigation instructed the government's Alien Property Custodian office to take possession of his papers and property, despite his US citizenship.At the time of his death, Tesla had been continuing work on the teleforce weapon, or death ray, that he had unsuccessfully marketed to the US War Department.It appears that his proposed death ray was related to his research into ball lightning and plasma and was imagined as a particle beam weapon.The US government did not find a prototype of the device in the safe.After the FBI was contacted by the War Department, his papers were declared to be top secret.Edgar Hoover declared the case "most secret", because of the nature of Tesla's inventions and patents.Charlotte Muzar reported that there were several "missing" papers and property.Statue of Nikola Tesla in Niagara Falls State Park on Goat Island, New York; There is another statue with Tesla standing in Queen Victoria Park on the Canadian side of Niagara Falls.Tesla's family and the Yugoslav embassy struggled with the American authorities to gain these items after his death due to the potential significance of some of his research.Nikola Tesla Museum in Belgrade, Serbia.Tesla's funeral took place on January 12, 1943, at the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine in Manhattan, New York City.After the funeral, his body was cremated.His ashes were taken to Belgrade, Yugoslavia in 1957.The urn was placed in the Nikola Tesla Museum, where it resides to this day.Legacy
Tesla did not like to pose for portraits.Institute to receive a duplicate.In 1976, a bronze statue of Tesla was placed at Niagara Falls, New York.The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) of which Tesla had been vice president also created an award in recognition of Tesla.Called the IEEE Nikola Tesla Award, it is given to individuals or a team that has made outstanding contributions to the generation or utilization of electric power, and is considered the most prestigious award in the area of electric power.The Tesla crater on the far side of the Moon and the minor planet 2244 Tesla are also named after him.Serbian dinar banknote obverse.Photo courtesy of National Bank of Serbia.Note the drawing of the electric motor.Tesla has received many recognitions within Serbia.He is featured on the current 100 Serbian dinar note (see left).The largest power plant complex in Serbia, the TPP Nikola Tesla is named in his honour.An electric car company, Tesla Motors, named their company in tribute to Nikola Tesla.Nikola Tesla would look over our car and nod his head with both understanding and approval.The Croatian subsidiary of Ericsson is also named 'Ericsson Nikola Tesla d.Nikola Tesla' was a phone hardware company in Zagreb before Ericsson bought it in the 1990s) in honour of Nikola Tesla's pioneering work in wireless communication.Croatia and Serbia to be the Year of Tesla.On this anniversary, July 10, 2006, the renovated village of Smiljan (which had been demolished during the wars of the 1990s) was opened to the public along with Tesla's house (as a memorial museum) and a new multimedia center dedicated to the life and work of Nikola Tesla.The parochial church of St.Peter and Paul, where Tesla's father had held services, was renovated as well.The museum and multimedia center are filled with replicas of Tesla's work.The museum has collected almost all of the papers ever published by, and about, Nikola Tesla; most of these provided by Ljubo Vujovic from the Tesla Memorial Society.Alongside Tesla's house, a monument created by sculptor Mile Blazevic has been erected.Nikola Tesla was opened, and a replica of the statue of Tesla made by Frano Krsinic (the original is in Belgrade) was presented.In the years after, many of his innovations, theories and claims have been used, at times unsuitably and with some controversy, to support various fringe theories that are regarded as unscientific.Most of Tesla's own work conformed with the principles and methods accepted by science, but his extravagant personality and sometimes unrealistic claims, combined with his unquestionable genius, have made him a popular figure among fringe theorists and believers in conspiracies about 'hidden knowledge'.Personality
Tesla was fluent in many languages.He did things in threes, and was adamant about staying in a hotel room with a number divisible by three.Tesla was also noted to be physically revolted by jewelry, notably pearl earrings.He greatly disliked touching round objects and human hair other than his own.Tesla was obsessed with pigeons, ordering special seeds for the pigeons he fed in Central Park and even bringing some into his hotel room with him.Nonetheless there have been numerous accounts of women vying for Tesla's affection, even some madly in love with him.Tesla, though polite, behaved rather ambivalently to these women in the romantic sense.Robert Underwood Johnson described him as attaining a "distinguished sweetness, sincerity, modesty, refinement, generosity, and force..."Tesla's friend Hawthorne wrote that, "seldom did one meet a scientist or engineer who was also a poet, a philosopher, an appreciator of fine music, a linguist, and a connoisseur of food and drink."Nevertheless, Tesla displayed the occasional cruel streak; he openly expressed his disgust for overweight people, once firing a secretary because of her weight.He was quick to criticize others' clothing as well, demanding a subordinate to go home and change her dress on several occasions.Tesla was widely known for his great showmanship, presenting his innovations and demonstrations to the public as an artform, almost like a magician.This seems to conflict with his observed reclusiveness; Tesla was a complicated figure.He refused to hold conventions without his Tesla coil blasting electricity throughout the room, despite the audience often being terrified, though he assured them everything was perfectly safe.In middle age, Nikola Tesla became very close friends with Mark Twain.They spent a lot of time together in his lab and elsewhere.Tesla remained bitter in the aftermath of his incident with Edison.His method was inefficient in the extreme, for an immense ground had to be covered to get anything at all unless blind chance intervened and, at first, I was almost a sorry witness of his doings, knowing that just a little theory and calculation would have saved him 90 per cent of the labor.Shortly before Edison died, he said that his biggest mistake he had made was in trying to develop directed current, rather than the vastly superior alternating current system that Tesla had put within his grasp.Tesla was good friends with Robert Underwood Johnson.Tesla made his first million at the age of forty, but gave away nearly all his royalties on future innovations.Tesla was rather financially inept, but he was almost entirely unconcerned with material wealth.He ripped up a Westinghouse contract that would have made him the world's first billionaire, in part because of the implications it would have on his future vision of free power, and in part because it would run Westinghouse out of business, and Tesla had no desire to deal with the creditors.There, near the end of his life, when Tesla was slipping into what many consider an altered state of mind, he would claim to be visited by a specific white pigeon daily.Several biographers note that Tesla viewed the death of the pigeon as a "final blow" to himself and his work.Tesla believed that war could not be avoided until the cause for its recurrence was removed, but was opposed to wars in general.He sought to reduce distance, such as in communication for better understanding, transportation, and transmission of energy, as a means to ensure friendly international relations.The trend of opinion among eugenists is that we must make marriage more difficult.Certainly no one who is not a desirable parent should be permitted to produce progeny.In 1926, Tesla commented on the ills of the social subservience of women and the struggle of women toward gender equality, indicated that humanity's future would be run by "Queen Bees".He believed that women would become the dominant sex in the future.In his later years Tesla became a vegetarian.He also argued that animal slaughter was "wanton and cruel".Monuments
A monument to Tesla was established at Niagara Falls, New York, USA.The monument was officially unveiled on Sunday, July 9, 2006 on the 150th anniversary of Tesla's birth.George Serbian Church, Niagara Falls, and designed by Les Drysdale of Hamilton, Ontario.Another monument to Tesla, featuring him standing on a portion of an alternator, was established at Queen Victoria Park in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada.Tesla in live theatre
A number of live theatrical plays based on Tesla's life have been produced and staged worldwide.The Blinding Enlightenment of Nikola Tesla on tour first starting in 1996.In August 2007, their production was again listed on their current performance schedule.Childress, David Hatcher, (ed.Cheney, Margaret, "Tesla: Man Out of Time", 1979.Costa, Carol, Nikola Tesla: A Spark of Genius, pp.Margaret Cheney, Robert Uth, and Jim Glenn, "Tesla, Master of Lightning".Leaders of the 19th century with some noted characters of earlier times, their efforts and achievements in advancing human progress vividly portrayed for the guidance of present and future generations.Corum (October 22, 2001).Antenna Measurement Techniques Association, posterpape.Nikola Tesla: the European Years, D.Nikola Tesla und Graz.Nikola Tesla und die Technik in Graz."Tesla Nearly Missed His Career as Inventor: College Roommate Tells", Newark News, August 27, 1931.Wizard: The Life and Times of Nikola Tesla; Biography of a Genius.Secaucus, NJ: Carol Publishing Group.Tesla: Man Out of Time."Did Tesla really invent the loudspeaker?"."Master of Lightning" by Public Broadcasting Service."Tesla Says Edison was an Empiricist.Praises His Great Genius.""Nikola Tesla, one of the world's outstanding electrical technicians, who came to America in 1884 to work with Thomas A.Pickover, Strange Brains and Genius: The Secret Lives of Eccentric Scientists and Madmen.Tesla, Nikola, "A New System of Alternating Current Motors and Transformers"."Tesla's invention of the AND logic gate".Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, c1997."Tesla currents" when we really mean the high frequency currents."Schneider, 1907, New York.Electrical experimenter, January 1919.Bengt Anders Benson, Perseption apparatus for the Blind, U.Tesla held that these were in fact longitudinal waves, such as those produced in waves in plasma."Induction Coils: How to make, use, and repair them".Schneider, 1907, New York.Krumme, Katherine, Mark Twain and Nikola Tesla: Thunder and Lightning.Grotz, Toby, "The Influence of Vedic Philosophy on Nikola Tesla's Understanding of Free Energy".Radiations and the Cosmic Rays".Tesla, Nikola, "My Inventions", Electrical Experimenter magazine, Feb, June, and Oct, 1919.Page 355, referencing O'Neill, John J.Prodigal Genius: The Life of Nikola Tesla (New York: David McKay, 1944), p.Tesla, Nikola, "The True Wireless".Gillispie, Charles Coulston, "Dictionary of Scientific Biography"; Tesla, Nikola.Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.Aidinejad, "Atmospheric Fields, Tesla's Receivers and Regenerative Detectors".Corum, "Nikola Tesla, Lightning Observations, and Stationary Waves".Tesla, Nikola, "Talking with Planets".Nikola Tesla and the electrical signals of planetary origin, 14.Prepared Statement by Nikola Tesla downloadable from www.New York Times, July 11, 1935, p23, c."Tesla Invents Peace Ray"."Wizard, the Life and Times of Nikola Tesla"."Beam to Kill Army at 200 Miles, Tesla's Claim on 78th Birthday"."Tesla Tries To Prevent World War II".Alternating Power Current's Developer Found Dead in Hotel Suite Here.He Insisted the Invention Could Annihilate an Army of 1,000,000 at Once."New York Times, January 8, 1943, Friday.Hoover, John Edgar, et al.IEEE, "IEEE Nikola Tesla Award.Why the Name "Tesla"?Winfield, "Tesla's views on Electricity and the War", Electrical Experimenter, Volume 5, Number 4, August, 1917."Giant Eye to See Round the World" Albany Telegram, February 25, 1923 (doc).Famous Inventor, Picturing Life 100 Years from Now, Reveals an Astounding Scientific Venture Which He Believes Will Change the Course of History"."When woman is boss, An interview with Nikola Tesla".Colliers, January 30, 1926.Nikola Tesla, "The Problem of Increasing Human Energy".Lomas, Robert, "The Man who Invented the Twentieth Century".Lecture to South Western Branch of Instititute of Physics."Prodigal Genius: The Life of Nikola", 1944.ISBN (Tesla reportedly said of this biographer "You understand me better than any man alive"; also the version at uncletaz.The Strange Life of Nikola Tesla, corrupted version of My Inventions."Wizard: The Life and Times of Nikola Tesla; Biography of a Genius", Secaucus, NJ: Carol Publishing Group, 1996.Also, "Srpski asteroidi, Tesla".Hoover, John Edgar, et al.Look At His Professional Credentials)".PDF)
Roguin, Ariel, "Historical Note: Nikola Tesla: The man behind the magnetic field unit"."The impact of Nikola Tesla on the cement industry".Cement Industry Technical Conference."Nikola Tesla: why was he so much resisted and forgotten?"Winfield, "Tesla's views on Electricity and the War", Electrical Experimenter, Volume 5, Number 4, August, 1917.Florey, Glen, "Tesla and the Military".Corum, "Nikola Tesla, Lightning Observations, and Stationary Waves".Aidinejad, "Atmospheric Fields, Tesla's Receivers and Regenerative Detectors".Winkels, "Experiments to proof the evidence of scalar waves Tests with a Tesla reproduction".The Antique Wireless Association Review, Vol."Priority in Invention of Radio, Tesla v.Budimir, "Tesla's contribution to radiowave propagation".International Conference on Telecommunications in Modern Satellite, Cable and Broadcasting Service, 2001.Mackechnie Jarvis "Nikola Tesla and the induction motor"."Giant Eye to See Round the World" (DOC)
Nichelson, Oliver, "Nikola Tesla's Latter Energy Generation Designs", A description of Tesla's energy generator that "would not consume fuel."IECEC Proceedings, 1991, Boston, MA (American Nuclear Society) Vol.Nichelson, Oliver, "The Thermodynamics of Tesla's Fuelless Electrical generator".Tesla's new energy generator.Toby Grotz, "The Influence of Vedic Philosophy on Nikola Tesla's Understanding of Free Energy".Selected Tesla Writings, Written by Tesla and others,.Nikola Tesla, The Century Magazine, November 1893, Vol.Tesla's Oscillator and Other Inventions, The Century Magazine, November 1894, Vol.Cheney, Margaret, "Tesla: Man Out of Time", 1981."The Fantastic Inventions of Nikola Tesla," 1993.ISBN
Glenn, Jim, "The Complete Patents of Nikola Tesla," 1994.ISBN
Jonnes, Jill "Empires of Light: Edison, Tesla, Westinghouse, and the Race to Electrify the World"."The Inventions, Researches, and Writings of Nikola Tesla," 1894 .O'Neill, John Jacob,"Prodigal Genius," 1944.Prodigal Genius is available online)
Lomas, Robert,"The man who invented the twentieth century : Nikola Tesla, forgotten genius of electricity," 1999.Nikola Tesla Bibliography", Ragusan Press, Palo Alto, California, 1979, 237 pages.Extensive listing of articles about and by Nikola Tesla."Wizard, the Life and Times of Nikola Tesla," 1998.Tesla, Nikola, "My Inventions" Parts I through V published in the Electrical Experimenter monthly magazine from February through June, 1919.ISBN
Valone, Thomas, "Harnessing the Wheelwork of Nature: Tesla's Science of Energy," 2002."The Adventurers" features Nikola Tesla as a main protagonist.Bernard, "Inventor of dreams"."The genius of Nikola Tesla"."Nikola Tesla: Scientific Savant".Documentary and biographical films
There are at least two films describing Tesla's life.In 1980, Orson Welles produced a Yugoslav film named Tajna Nikole Tesle (The Secret of Nikola Tesla), in which Welles himself played the part of Tesla's patron, J."Tesla: Master of Lightning".Phenomenon: the Lost Archives documentary about Tesla's designs for free energy and defensive weapons systems.David Bowie portrayed Tesla in the 2006 film "The Prestige".Tesla's time in Colorado Springs was the focus of the scenes in the film.Tesla Resource Surrounding the PBS "Master of Lightning" documentary
The Nikola Tesla museum
Nikola Tesla 150
Tesla Forum of Western Australia Inc.Terbo's site
Nikola Tesla, Forgotten American Scientist
The Tesla Wardenclyffe Project.Ray' and the Egg of Columbus, from American Antigravity.James Corum's Tesla Engineering Papers, from Arcs 'N Sparks.Tesla patents (PDFs)
Jim Bieberich's The Complete Nikola Tesla U.Patent Collection
Online archive of many of Tesla's writings, articles and published papers
Seifer, Marc J.Michael Behar, Electric Mind, Wired Magazine, October 1998."Wardenclyffe: Nikola Tesla's Dream For Free Energy And The Conspiracy Which Destroyed It".Works by Nikola Tesla at Project Gutenberg
Nikola Tesla on various Yugoslavian and Serbian banknotes.Nikola Tesla's FBI file in pdf
Kenneth M.Archives Center, National Museum of American History, archival resources.This page was last modified 12:05, 8 January 2008.See Copyrights for details.Moved Permanently
The document has moved here.If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.Tesla Chairman Elon Musk talks strategy for 2008.Tesla Motors executives held a town hall meeting to discuss the progress of the Roadster program with customers.Tesla Motors has opened a new wait list program.What's it like to drive the Tesla Roadster?Hear from customers who took a turn behind the wheel of one of our electric supercars.Balzary of the Red Hot Chili Peppers brings a unique perspective to the Tesla Roadster driving experience.Find out what he has to say about his recent Roadster test drive.Tesla Roadster performance testing and find out what kind of range you can expect in different driving conditions.Electric, But Can They Be Fantastic?How long does it take to charge the Tesla Roadster?Tesla Roadster on my desktop, blog, or web page.Please enable JavaScript for the best experience.Elon Musk, Chairman of Tesla Motors, Inc.Michael Marks, former CEO of Flextronics and an early investor in Tesla Motors, will take over as interim CEO of Tesla Motors.Tesla as we prepare to start production of the Tesla Roadster and lay the foundation for the next phase of growth for the company.Martin Eberhard, founder and CEO of Tesla Motors, will remain with the company as President of Technology and focus on the success of the Roadster program as well as the advancement of our core technologies.Martin and the board have been planning for CEO succession since early this year, and will continue the search for a permanent CEO to lead Tesla Motors.On behalf of the board, I want to thank Martin for his leadership of Tesla since its founding in 2003.Commemorative Plaque, "The Engineer's Club" was erected in Bryant Park Place, in Manhattan, on a neigboring building where Nikola Tesla received the Edison Medal in 1917.Happy Birthday Nikola Tesla.Nikola Tesla by Prof Jasmina Vujic, Dr.Daily News is celebrating the 150th anniversary of Nikola Tesla's birth.Ceremony, University of Western Australia, 10 July 2006.Tesla's electromagnetic field technology.Daily News is celebrating the 150th anniversary of Nikola Tesla's birth.Hotel New Yorker, Manhattan, New York.Academy of Sciences, Washington D.Tesla Asteroid by Dr.Nikola Tesla by Dr.July 10, 2005 over New York Radio WBAI 99.Corporation discusses Nikola Tesla (In German), Interview with Dr.Charotte Muzar's letter to Dr.Letter to General Secretary U.Interior of the Long Island Tesla Laboratory, 1902.President of Yugoslavia, Dr.American Engineers who helped America transform from a largely agricultural nation to an architectural and industrial empire.Nikola Tesla's name is included on the plaque among other famous Americans.Tesla's Alternating Current is today lighting the globe.Gift of Yugoslavia to the United States, 1976.It was founded in Buffalo, New York in 1979.Above: New York City, Manhattan.July 10 by United Nations.New York is recognized by the Discovery Channel and America Online.New York Sunday World, 1894.The greatest work of art on our planet.Rathaus, Munich on June 27, 1956.Nikola Tesla had funeral services.Stanford White, famous architect and Tesla's friend.Nikola Tesla had 700 patents in the US and Europe.Tesla when he was alive.President, New York Academy of Sciences Prof.Tesla to 9 Tesla).Magnetic Field in Budapest, 1882.The revenue of MRI machines sales was 1.Click here to search information about Dr.Click here to search information on Dr.Click here to search information on Dr.Vujovic, General Secretary of Tesla Memorial Society of New York.Nothing on this site can be used without written permission.Tesla was the genius who ushered in the age of electrical power.Tesla had a vivid imagination and an intuitive way of developing scientific hypotheses.After seeing a demonstration of the "Gramme dynamo" (a machine that when operated in one direction is a generator, and when reversed is an electric motor), Tesla visualized a rotating magnetic field and developed plans for an induction motor applying the concept.In my mind I change the construction, make improvements, and even operate the device.Without ever having drawn a sketch I can give the measurements of all parts to workmen, and when completed all these parts will fit, just as certainly as though I had made the actual drawings.In thirty years there has not been a single exception.Tesla completed his elementary education in Croatia.Arriving in New York City with four cents in his pocket, Tesla found employment with Thomas Edison in New Jersey.Differences in style between the two men soon led to their separation.Westinghouse successfully used Tesla's system to light the World Columbian Exposition at Chicago in 1893.Tesla established a laboratory in New York City in 1887.His experiments ranged from an exploration of electrical resonance to studies of various lighting systems.Tesla gave exhibitions in his laboratory in which he lighted lamps without wires by allowing electricity to flow through his body.When Tesla became a United States citizen in 1891, he was at the peak of his creative powers.In 1900, Tesla began construction on Long Island of a wireless broadcasting tower.The project was abandoned when Morgan withdrew his financial support.Tesla's work shifted to turbines and other projects, but his ideas remained on the drawing board due to a lack of funds.Tesla's notebooks are still examined by engineers in search of unexploited ideas.Tesla allowed himself few close friends, although one was humorist and author, Mark Twain.However, when he died in New York City on January 7, 1943, hundreds of admirers attended his funeral services, mourning the loss of a great genius.At the time of his death Tesla held over 700 patents.If you are aware of books, movies, databases, web sites or other information sources about Nikola Tesla or related subjects, or if you would like to comment, please send us email: generate_address( "rc" );.Tesla autobiography originally printed as a series of six magazine articles in The Electrical Experimenter magazine.Author: Nikola Tesla
His 'autobiography' does not tell much about the man.Author: Nikola Tesla
Written by Tesla for Century Illustrated Magazine, June 1900.Author: Daniel Blair Stewart
This biography, notable for its anecdotal detail and extensive dialogue from original documents, reflects the author's thorough research.Seifer
The author does an admirable job of explaining Tesla's technical feats and analyzing his psychological idiosyncrasies.This meticulously researched biography deserves attention from all who would understand the triumph and tragedy Nikola Tesla's life.Videos About Nikola Tesla
Genius Who Lit the World
This video will whet your appetitie to learn more about Tesla.CLICK HERE to purchase this Video edition of "Genius Who Lit the World"
Secret of Nikola Tesla
This video portrays Tesla as a man so far beyond his time that scientists today are just beginning to understand the impact of his genius.You will get a feel for Tesla's passion and incredible intellect.Nikola Tesla and others about Tesla's work.Tesla symbolizes a unifying force and inspiration for all nations in the
name of peace and science.He was a true visionary far ahead of his
contemporaries in the field of scientific development.There is a large photo
of Tesla in the Statue of Liberty Museum.Jersey City, New Jersey has a daily science demonstration of the Tesla
Coil creating a million volts of electricity before the spectators eyes.Many books were written about Tesla : Prodigal
Genius: The Life of Nikola Tesla by John J.The Secret of Nikola Tesla (Orson Welles), BBC Film Masters
of the Ionosphere are other tributes to the great genius.Hungarian Empire, region of Croatia.Djuka Mandic was an inventor in her own right of household
appliances.Tesla studied at the Realschule, Karlstadt in 1873, the
Polytechnic Institute in Graz, Austria and the University of Prague.Tesla was walking with a friend through the city park that the elusive
solution to the rotating magnetic field flashed through his mind.Before going to America, Tesla joined
Continental Edison Company in Paris where he designed dynamos.Tesla accepted an offer to work for
Thomas Edison in New York.His childhood dream was to come to America to
harness the power of Niagara Falls.Tesla spent the next 59 years of his productive life living in
New York.Consequently, a direct current power station was required
at two mile intervals.Tesla developed polyphase alternating current system of generators,
motors and transformers and held 40 basic U.George Westinghouse bought, determined to supply America with the
Tesla system.Edison did not want to lose his DC empire, and a bitter
war ensued.This was the war of the currents between AC and DC.Westinghouse ultimately emerged the victor because AC was a superior
technology.American Institute of Electrical Engineers in 1888.The perfect partnership between Tesla and
Westinghouse for the nationwide use of electricity in America had begun.This accomplishment changed the world.Tesla was praised
as a hero world wide.Tesla was a
pioneer in many fields.Tesla coil, which he invented in 1891, is widely used today in radio and
television sets and other electronic equipment.That year also marked the date of Tesla's United States
citizenship.Tesla is the father of the radio and the modern electrical transmissions
systems.He registered over 700 patents worldwide.His vision included
exploration of solar energy and the power of the sea.Tesla's principles of telegraphy without wires, popularizing scientific
lectures given before Franklin Institute in February 1893.Tesla also patented a pump design to operate at extremely high
temperature.In 1896 Tesla
constructed an instrument to receive radio waves.Lowenstein Radio Company and
licensed under Nikola Tesla Company patents, was installed on the U.Marconi established wireless communication between Britain and the
United States earning him the Nobel prize in 1909.But much of Marconi's work was not original.In 1864, James Maxwell theorized electromagnetic waves.The Brandley coherer increased the distance messages could be
transmitted.Tesla's original concept demonstrated in his famous lecture at the
Franklin Institute in Philadelphia in 1893.Tesla's more significant contribution as the
inventor of radio technology.Tesla generated and sent out wireless waves which
mediated energy, without wires for miles.Colorado laboratory, a claim that was met with disbelief
in some scientific journals.The old Waldorf
Astoria was the residence of Nikola Tesla for many years.Shoreham, Long Island between 1901
and 1905.To stimulate the public's imagination, Tesla suggested that this
wireless power could even be used for interplanetary communication.If Tesla were confident to reach Mars, how much less difficult to
reach Paris.Tesla and described his new
system for supplying wireless power to run all of the earth's industry.Because of a
dispute between Morgan and Tesla as to the final use of the tower.If anyone can draw on the power,
where do we put the meter?Wardenclyffe tower stood still exists with its 100 feet deep foundation
still intact.New York, Philadelphia
and St.Louis and before scientific organizations in both England and
France in 1892.Tesla was one of the most celebrated personalities in the American
press, in this century.September, 1997, Tesla is among the 100 most famous people of
the last 1,000 years.Tesla's celebrity was in its height at the turn of the
century.Electrical Experimenter, collected in the book, My
Inventions.Tesla was gifted with intense powers of visualization and
exceptional memory from early youth on.Hugo Gernsback, Tesla was possessed of a striking physical appearance
over six feet tall with deep set eyes and a stately manner.Tesla and Edison were to share the Nobel Prize for
physics.Oddly, neither man
received the prize, the reason being unclear.It was rumored that Tesla refused the prize because he would not
share with Edison, and because Marconi had already received his.These letters were mounted and presented to Tesla in
the form of a testimonial volume.January 7th, 1943 in the Hotel New Yorker, where he had lived
for the last ten years of his life.John the Divine Cathedral in New York City.Eleanor Roosevelt and Vice President Wallace.He was cremated in Ardsley on the
Hudson, New York.Tesla Museum in Belgrade
along with his death mask.Let Tesla be' and all was light.Tesla was awarded the Edison Medal, the most coveted electrical
prize in the United States.United States Postal Service honored Tesla with a commemorative stamp in
1983.Nikola Tesla Award is one of the most distinguished honors presented by
the Institute of Electrical Engineers.Tesla is known as the inventor of polyphase alternating
current.Tesla invented an apparatus that pushed the limits of electrical understanding.Tesla's masterful refinements in construction of key elements, most particularly of a special transformer, or coil, which is at the heart of the circuit's performance.Such a device first appeared in Tesla's US patent No.Whereas current builds quickly in a capacitor as it charges up, voltage lags.In an inductor, voltage is felt immediately, while current is retarded as it works against the magnetic field its own passage builds in the coil.To set his oscillator "ringing," Tesla employed sudden discharges, sparks, across an adjustable gap between two electrodes.Precision screws set the gap clearance, so that a larger or smaller gap selects a larger or smaller breakdown voltage.This, of course, completes but a single cycle in the circuit's operation.The air gap restores itself as an insulator, and the capacitor begins to charge until it reaches a breakdown value once again.The whole process can repeat itself many thousand times per second.The transformer's secondary is rather special, too, designed by Tesla to react quickly to a sudden energy spike and, most importantly, to concentrate voltage at one end as a standing wave.The net effect is a wave, a voltage peak, that appears to stand still.In fact, in the early decades of radio, most practicable radios utilized Tesla coils in their transmission antennas.One of the very first particle accelerator designs, by Rolf Wideroe in 1928, generated its high voltage in a Tesla coil.The coil has become a commonplace in electronics, used to supply high voltage to the front of television picture tubes, in a form known as the flyback transformer.Visit Life and Legacy to get the full story behind the Tesla coil.View Tesla coil patent 454,622. |
![Khold : [2002] Phantom](/covers/43/431/alb_81521_th.jpg "Khold : [2002] Phantom")
