| You must enable Javascript to view the Flash content.Neil features on two DVD releases.You must enable Javascript to view the Flash content.The Cake Sale CD is now available in the UK and North America.Make Trade Fair campaign and their overseas programme work.North America for release on October 16.All topics were previously posted elsewhere and have been moved here for your reference.All topics were previously posted elsewhere and have been moved here for your reference.All topics were previously posted elsewhere and have been moved here for your reference.Moderator DC mod1
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Tue Sep 21, 2004 10:22 pmS.This not only gives respect to the large amount of time given freely by the developers
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Goto page 1, 2, 3 ...Here are the seating guides to the stalls and grand circle, if anyone wants the Upper Circle I can put it up too.Isn't Blue Circles going too?Does anyone have a handy link?Because we don't know where you're sitting.Well, I'll be sitting just there.With whatsit on the one side of me.Room for financial gain (no, not like that!Yes, Woody, it'd be lovely to see you again!Well, I'll be sitting just there.It's beginning to make me question all sorts of things.Like, why the ** am I up this time on a Sunday morning after about two hours sleep?And why can I not write a post without swearing?I'm almost getting excited!There's getting to be quite a crowd.Jen and Dag have suggested we also go a ghost hunting, either in the Vaults or at Greyfriars Kirkyard.There's getting to be quite a crowd.Tuesday is karaoke night in Nicol Edwards, and it's open until 3am.Meself and Tom have been banging on about doing it at the next BB meet for a while now, so I reckon it's in order.WitchJoined: 21 Nov 2002Posts: 2373Location: Exploiting the D.Great minds and all that.Rowan MorrisonJoined: 21 Nov 2002Posts: 1330Location: Wigan Casino.Whereabouts are the Usher Hall and Nicol Edwards?Am I best looking for somewhere to crash near one or the other?Room for financial gain (no, not like that!Whereabouts are the Usher Hall and Nicol Edwards?Room for financial gain (no, not like that!These sites cover both the hostel and hotel options.It's meant to be quite reasonable, too.And I have a cousin who works there, apparently.Room for financial gain (no, not like that!She's lovely, and a very fair marker.Live
All times are GMT + 1 HourGoto page 1, 2, 3 ...We request you retain the full copyright notice below including the link to www.If you refuse
to include even this then support on our forums may be affected.Dante shown holding a copy of the Divine Comedy, next to the entrance to Hell, the seven terraces of Mount Purgatory and the city of Florence, with the spheres of Heaven above, in Michelino's fresco.The Divine Comedy (Italian: Commedia, later christened "Divina" by Giovanni Boccaccio), written by Dante Alighieri between 1308 and his death in 1321, is widely considered the central epic poem of Italian literature, and is seen as one of the greatest works of world literature.It helped establish the Tuscan dialect in which it is written as the Italian standard.An initial canto serves as an introduction to the poem and is generally not considered to be part of the first cantica, bringing the total number of cantos to 100.The verse scheme used, terza rima, is hendecasyllabic (line of eleven syllables), with the lines composing tercets according to the rhyme scheme ABA, BCB, CDC ...The Roman poet Virgil guides him through Hell and Purgatory; Beatrice, Dante's ideal woman, guides him through Heaven.In Northern Italy's political struggle between Guelphs and Ghibellines, Dante was part of the Guelphs, who in general favored the Papacy over the Holy Roman Emperor.Florence's Guelphs split into factions around 1300: the White Guelphs, who opposed secular rule by Pope Boniface VIII and who wished to preserve Florence's independence, and the Black Guelphs, who favored the Pope's control of Florence.Mayor Cante de' Gabrielli di Gubbio, after troops under Charles of Valois entered the city, at the request of Boniface and in alliance with the Blacks.This exile, which lasted the rest of Dante's life, shows its influence in many parts of the Comedy, from prophecies of Dante's exile to Dante's views of politics to the eternal damnation of some of his opponents.In Hell and Purgatory, Dante shares in the sin and the penitence respectively.The last word in each of the three parts of the Divine Comedy is "stars".Mixed with them are the outcasts, who took no side in the Rebellion of Angels.Then Dante and Virgil reach the ferry that will take them across the river Acheron and to Hell proper.The ferry is piloted by Charon, who does not want to let Dante enter, for he is a living being.Virgil forces Charon to take them, but their passage across is undescribed since Dante faints and does not awake until he is on the other side.Each circle's sinners are punished in a fashion fitting their crimes: each sinner is afflicted for all of eternity by the chief sin he committed.Those in Hell are people who tried to justify their sins and are unrepentant.Here reside the unbaptized and the virtuous pagans, who, though not sinful, did not accept Christ.Here also reside those who, if they lived before the coming of Christ, did not pay fitting homage to their respective deity.They are not punished in an active sense, but rather grieve only their separation from God, without hope of reconciliation.The chief irony in this circle is that Limbo shares many characteristics with Elysian Fields, thus the guiltless damned are punished by living in their deficient form of heaven.Limbo includes green fields and a castle, the dwelling place of the wisest men of antiquity, including Virgil himself, as well as the Islamic philosophers Averroes and Avicenna.Interestingly, he also sees Saladin in Limbo.Canto IV) Dante implies that all virtuous pagans find themselves here, although he later encounters two in heaven and one in purgatory.Beyond the first circle, all of those condemned for active, deliberately willed sin are judged by Minos, who sentences each soul to one of the lower eight circles."Gianciotto Discovers Paolo and Francesca" by Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres.Those overcome by lust are punished in this circle.They are the first ones to be truly punished in Hell.Francesca da Rimini informs Dante of how she and her husband's brother Paolo committed adultery and died a violent death at the hands of her husband.Cerberus guards the gluttons, forced to lie in the mud under continual cold rain and hail.Florence and the fate of prominent Florentines.Canto VI)
Fourth Circle.They include the avaricious or miserly, who hoarded possessions, and the prodigal, who squandered them.After the weights crash together the process starts over again.Canto VII)
Fifth Circle.Styx, the wrathful fight each other on the surface, and the sullen or slothful lie gurgling beneath the water.Punished within Dis are active (rather than passive) sins.An angel sent from Heaven secures entry for the poets.Cantos VIII and IX)
Sixth Circle.Cantos X and XI) The followers of Epicurus are also located here (Canto X)
Seventh Circle.The Centaurs, commanded by Chiron, patrol the ring.Canto XII)
Middle ring: In this ring are the suicides, who are transformed into gnarled thorny bushes and trees.Unique among the dead, the suicides will not be bodily resurrected after the final judgment, having given their bodies away through suicide.The other residents of this ring are the profligates, who destroyed their lives by destroying the means by which life is sustained (i.They are perpetually chased by ferocious dogs through the thorny undergrowth.The blasphemers lie on the sand, the usurers sit, and the sodomites wander about in groups.Cantos XIV through XVI) Those punished here for usury include Florentines Catello di Rosso Gianfigliazzi, Ciappo Ubriachi, and Giovanni di Buiamonte, and Paduans Reginaldo degli Scrovegni and Vitaliano di Iacopo Vitaliani.Dante's guide rebuffs Malacoda and his fiends between bolgia five and six in the Eighth Circle of Hell, Inferno, Canto 21.In the group of panderers the poets notice Venedico Caccianemico, and in the group of seducers Virgil points out Jason.Canto XX)
Bolgia 5: Corrupt politicians (barrators) are immersed in a lake of boiling pitch, guarded by devils, the Malebranche ("Evil Claws").Their leader, Malacoda ("Evil Tail"), assigns a troop to escort Virgil and Dante to the next bridge.The troop hook and torment one of the sinners (identified by early commentators as Ciampolo), who names some Italian grafters and then tricks the Malebranche in order to escape back into the pitch.Dante speaks with Catalano and Loderingo, members of the Jovial Friars.Canto XXIII)
Bolgia 7: Thieves, guarded by the centaur (as Dante describes him) Cacus, are pursued and bitten by snakes.Cantos XXIV and XXV)
Bolgia 8: Fraudulent advisors are encased in individual flames.This symbolizes the inability of the individual to carve out one's own salvation.Guido da Montefeltro recounts how his advice to Pope Boniface VIII resulted in his damnation, despite Boniface's promise of absolution.Muhammad tells Dante to warn the schismatic and heretic Fra Dolcino.The giant Antaeus lowers Dante and Virgil into the pit that forms the ninth circle of Hell.Each group of traitors is encased in ice to a different depth, ranging from only the waist down to complete immersion.Count Ugolino pauses from gnawing on the head of his rival Archbishop Ruggieri to describe how Ruggieri imprisoned and starved him and his children.Ptolemy, the captain of Jericho, who invited Simon Maccabaeus and his sons to a banquet and then killed them.Their bodies on Earth are immediately possessed by a fiend.All of the sinners punished within are completely encapsulated in ice, distorted to all conceivable positions.Dante and Virgil, with no one to talk to, quickly move on to the center of hell.Condemned to the very center of hell for committing the ultimate sin (treachery against God) is Satan, who has three faces, one red, one black, and one a pale yellow, each having a mouth that chews on a prominent traitor.Satan himself is represented as a giant, terrifying beast, weeping tears from his six eyes, which mix with the traitors' blood sickeningly.Judas is being administered the most horrifying torture of the three traitors, his head in the mouth of Lucifer, and his back being forever skinned by the claws of Lucifer.Having survived the depths of Hell, Dante and Virgil ascend out of the undergloom, to the Mountain of Purgatory on the far side of the world (in Dante's time, it was believed that Hell existed underneath Jerusalem).At the shores of Purgatory, Dante and Virgil are attracted by a musical performance by Casella, but are reprimanded by Cato, a pagan who has been placed by God as the general guardian of the approach to the mountain.The text gives no indication whether or not Cato's soul is destined for heaven: his symbolic significance has been much debated.Dante starts the ascent on Mount Purgatory.Purgatory" by commentators) Dante meets first a group of excommunicates, detained for a period thirty times as long as their period of contumacy.From this valley Dante is carried (while asleep) up to the gates of Purgatory proper (Canto IX).The angel uses two keys, gold and silver, to open the gate and warns Dante not to look back, lest he should find himself outside the gate again, symbolizing Dante having to overcome and rise above the hell that he has just left and thusly leaving his sinning ways behind him.Souls can only move upwards and never backwards, since the intent of Purgatory is for souls to ascend towards God in Heaven, and can ascend only during daylight hours, since the light of God is the only true guidance.The proud are purged by carrying giant stones on their backs, unable to stand up straight (Cantos X through XII).This teaches the sinner that pride puts weight on the soul and it is better to throw it off.This is akin to a falconer's sewing the eyes of a falcon shut in order to train it.The wrathful are purged by walking around in acrid smoke (Cantos XV through XVII).Souls correct themselves by learning how wrath has blinded their vision, impeding their judgment.The slothful are purged by continually running (Cantos XVIII and XIX).All of those who committed sexual sins, both heterosexual and homosexual, are purified by the fire.Here Dante meets Matelda, a woman of grace and beauty who prepares souls for their ascent to heaven.With her Dante witnesses a highly symbolic procession that may be read as an allegorical masque of the Church and the Sacrament.One participant in the procession is Beatrice, whom Dante loved in childhood, and at whose request Virgil was commissioned to bring Dante on his journey.Virgil, as a pagan, is a permanent denizen of Limbo, the first circle of Hell, and may not enter Paradise; he vanishes.Beatrice then becomes the second guide (accompanied by an extravagant procession), and will accompany Dante in his vision of Heaven.Thus purified, souls can direct their love fully towards God to the best of their inherent capability to do so.After an initial ascension (Canto I), Beatrice guides Dante through the nine spheres of Heaven.These are concentric and spherical, similar to Aristotelian and Ptolemaic cosmology.Thus, there is a heavenly hierarchy.This is not determined by time or learning as such but by their proximity to God (how much they allow themselves to experience Him above other things).It must be remembered in Dante's schema that all souls in Heaven are on some level always in contact with God.Dante meets Piccarda, sister of Dante's friend Forese Donati, who died shortly after being forcibly removed from her convent.The sphere of Mercury is that of souls who did good out of a desire for fame (Cantos V through VII).Justinian recounts the history of the Roman Empire.The sphere of Venus is that of souls who did good out of love (Cantos VIII and IX).Folquet de Marseilles points out Rahab, the brightest soul among those of this sphere.The sphere of the Sun is that of souls of the wise (Cantos X through XIV).Dante is addressed by St.Francis of Assisi and laments the corruption of his own Dominican Order.Dante is then met by St.Dominic, and laments the corruption of the Franciscan Order.The souls in this sphere form an enormous cross.Dante speaks with the soul of his ancestor Cacciaguida, who praises the former virtues of the residents of Florence, recounts the rise and fall of Florentine families and foretells Dante's exile from Florence, before finally introducing some notable warrior souls (among them Joshua, Roland, Charlemagne, and Godfrey of Bouillon).For example, monks are found here.The sphere of fixed stars is the abode of all the blessed (Cantos XXII through XXVII).Dante justifies his medieval belief in astrology, that the power of the constellations is drawn from God.The Primum Mobile ("first moved" sphere) is the abode of angels (Cantos XXVII through XXIX).Beatrice leaves Dante with Saint Bernard who prays to Mary on behalf of Dante and Dante is allowed to see both Jesus and Mary.God Himself, and is granted understanding of the Divine and of human nature.God appears as three equally large circles within each other representing the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit with the essence of each part of God, separate yet one.The book ends with Dante trying to understand how the circles fit together, how the Son is separate yet one with the Father but as Dante put it "that was not a flight for my wings" and the vision of God becomes equally inimitable and inexplicable that no word or intellectual exercise can come close to explaining what he saw.The most precious ones are the three full copies made by Giovanni Boccaccio (1360s), who himself did not have the original manuscript as a source.Thematic concerns
The Divine Comedy can be described simply as an allegory: Each canto, and the episodes therein, can contain many alternate meanings.Dante's allegory, however, is more complex, and, in explaining how to read the poem (see the "Letter to Can Grande della Scala"), he outlines other levels of meaning besides the allegory (the historical, the moral, the literal, and the anagogical).The poem is often lauded for its particularly human qualities: Dante's skillful delineation of the characters he encounters in Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise; his bitter denunciations of Florentine and Italian politics; and his powerful poetic imagination.Dante called the poem "Comedy" (the adjective "Divine" added later in the 14th century) because poems in the ancient world were classified as High ("Tragedy") or Low ("Comedy").Dante was one of the first in the Middle Ages to write of a serious subject, the Redemption of man, in the low and vulgar Italian language and not the Latin language as one might expect for such a serious topic.Divina Comedia ("Islamic Eschatology in the Divine Comedy"), an account of parallels between early Islamic philosophy and the Divine Comedy.Liber Scale Machometi, "The Book of Muhammad's Ladder") concerning Muhammad's ascension to Heaven, and the spiritual writings of Ibn Arabi.He responded by enumerating the possible sources from which Dante could have obtained the salient features of Islamic eschatology.Even so, while dismissing the probability of some influences posited in Palacios's work, Gabrieli recognized that it was "at least possible, if not probable, that Dante may have known the Liber scalae and have taken from it certain images and concepts of Muslim eschatology".Battistoni believes this to be a clear route by which the possible sources of influence may have reached Dante.Shortly before her death the Italian philologist Maria Corti pointed out that, during his stay at the court of Alfonso X, Dante's mentor Brunetto Latini met Bonaventura da Siena, a Tuscan who had translated the Liber scalae from Arabic into Latin.Later authors such as T.Eliot, Ezra Pound, Samuel Beckett, and James Joyce have drawn on it for inspiration.The poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was its first American translator, and modern poets, including Seamus Heaney, Robert Pinsky, John Ciardi, and William Merwin, have also given translations of all or parts of the book.Western tradition, its influence on culture cannot be overstated.There are many English translations of this famous line.Sisson (1980)
Abandon every hope, who enter here.Marcus Saunders (2004)
Verbatim, the line translates as "Leave (lasciate) every (ogne) hope (speranza), ye (voi) that (ch') enter (intrate)."Collection Lettres Gothiques, Le Livre de Poche, 1991, p.External links
Princeton Dante Project Website that offers the complete text of the Divine Comedy (and Dante's other works) in Italian and English along with audio accompaniment in both languages.Dante Dartmouth Project: Full text of more than 70 Italian, Latin, and English commentaries on the Commedia, ranging in date from 1322 (Iacopo Alighieri) to the 2000s (Robert Hollander)
Dante's Divine Comedy presented by the Electronic Literature Foundation.Multiple editions, with Italian and English facing page and interpolated versions.All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.This user has either cancelled their membership, or their account has been deleted.Get The Divine Comedy from Amazon.The Divine Comedy by Dante, Illustrated, Purgatory, Complete eBook
31,913 words, approx.The complete online text of The Divine Comedy by Dante, Illustrated, Purgatory, Complete by Dante Alighieri.Name:
Dante AlighieriBirth Date:
1265Death Date:
September 13, 1321Place of Birth:
Florence, ItalyPlace of Death:
Ravenna, ItalyNationality:
ItalianGender:
MaleOccupations:
poet
summary from source:
Biography of Dante Alighieri
2947 words, approx.Considered the finest poet that Italy has ever produced, Dante is also celebrated as a major influence on western European culture.His masterpiece, La divina commedia (The Divine Comedy), is uni versally known as one of the greatest poems in world liter..."The Divine Comedy," the greatest poetic composition of the Christian Middle Ages and the first masterpiece of world literature written in a modern European vernacular.The Divine Comedy Information
8,484 words, approx.Giovanni Boccaccio ), written by Dante Alighieri between 1308 and his death in 1321, is widely considered the central epic poem of Italian literature, the last great work of literature...In the following essay, Reynolds describes the Paradiso as a work of timeless aesthetic and intellectual validity.Critical Essay by John Saly
11,074 words, approx.Saly explains, define as mystical or spiritual.Movement and Stasis in the Divine Comedy
3,798 words, approx.An Interpretation of Dante's Inferno through Neil Gaiman's Sandman
2,405 words, approx.Abstract Thoughts of Two Different Times
1,725 words, approx.Get the complete The Divine Comedy Summary Pack, which includes everything on this page.Approximately 1,900 pages (at 300 words per page) in 80 products. |
