| Legal status in France
1.Bilingual signs in Brussels.Italy
Further information: Languages of Italy
French is also an official language, along with Italian, in the province of Aosta Valley, Italy.Luxembourg
French is an official language of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, along with German and Luxembourgish.An example of bilingualism at the federal government level in Canada.French is one of Canada's two official languages (the other being English).The legal status of French was further strengthened with the 1977 adoption of the Charter of the French Language (popularly known as Bill 101), which guarantees that every person has a right to have the civil administration, the health and social services, corporations, and enterprises in Quebec communicate with him in French.While the Charter mandates that certain provincial government services, such as those relating to health and education, be offered to the English minority in its language, where numbers warrant, its primary purpose is to cement the role of French as the primary language used in the public sphere.This measure has reversed a historical trend whereby a large number of immigrant children would attend English schools.Another section of the Charter guarantees every person the right to work in French, meaning the right to have all communications with one's superiors and coworkers in French, as well as the right not to be required to know another language as a condition of hiring, unless this is warranted by the nature of one's duties, such as by reason of extensive interaction with people located outside the province or similar reasons.Montreal predominantly used French in the workplace.However, the French Language Services Act does not confer the status of "official bilingualism" on these cities, as that designation carries with it implications which go beyond the provision of services in both languages.New Brunswick are recognized as participating governments.Ontario is currently seeking to become a full member on its own.Polynesian language (Malagasy) is spoken alongside French.The French language has also met competition with English since English has been the official language in Mauritius and the Seychelles for a long time and has recently become an official language of Madagascar.Egyptian will learn French in addition to English at some point in his or her education.France located in the Indian Ocean, as well as an administrative and educational language in Mauritius, along with English.Asia
In Asia, French was the official language in Lebanon along with the Arabic Language until 1941, the country's declaration of independence from France.Still, French is widely used by the Lebanese and is taught in schools as a primary language along with Arabic.Karikal and Yanam) and Syria.French was historically spoken by the elite in the leased territory Guangzhouwan in southern China.French is also spoken by many immigrants of French or Maghrebin origin and their descendants in Israel.French has one rhotic whose pronunciation varies considerably among speakers and phonetic contexts.The final letters c, r, f and l, however, are normally pronounced.The missing vowel is replaced by an apostrophe.Gemination: Within words, double consonants are generally not pronounced as geminates in modern French (but geminates can be heard in the cinema or TV news from as recently as the 1970s, and in very refined elocution they may still occur).Accents with no pronunciation effect
The circumflex does not affect the pronunciation of the letters i or u, and in most dialects, a as well.French grammar shares several notable features with most other Romance languages, including:
the loss of Latin's declensions
only two grammatical genders
the development of grammatical articles from Latin demonstratives
new tenses formed from auxiliaries
French word order is Subject Verb Object, except when the object is a pronoun, in which case the word order is Subject Object Verb.Hippodrome
The French words which have developed from Latin are usually less recognisable than Italian words of Latin origin because as French developed into a separate language from Vulgar Latin, the unstressed final syllable of many words was dropped or elided into the following word.Jura) or huitante (Vaud, Valais, Fribourg).Octante had been used in Switzerland in the past, but is now considered archaic.This is mainly due to extreme phonetic changes since the Old French period, without a corresponding change in spelling.It has also come to be used to distinguish homophones: du ("of the") vs.There are two ligatures, which have various origins.French writing, as with any language, is affected by the spoken language.Common speakers pronounced a u before a word ending in l as the plural.If you have trouble playing the files, see Wikipedia Media help.April 2007: Article from original source (pdf 4.The linguistic situation in Belgium (and in particular various estimations of the population speaking French and Dutch in Brussels) is discussed in detail.French) (June 2006) "La dynamique des langues en Belgique" (pdf).Retrieved on 7 May 2007.One example of a variety of African French that is difficult to understand for European French speakers).This page was last modified 13:15, 25 January 2008.All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.Full immersion programs in Paris, Nice, Bordeaux, Montreal...It offers audio support for better oral comprehension, a table of contents and an index for faster searches.Learn French for free with 13 chapters, 160 pages and more than 200 audio files.Download the French Tutorial and learn French at home or when travelling!New release of the Personal EditionA new updated release of the French Tutorial Personal Edition is now available .Register and download the French Tutorial now.The French Tutorial is proud to announce the launch of www.New Release of the Personal EditionA new updated release of the French Tutorial Personal Edition is now available.Register and download the French Tutorial now.Spanish
In partnership with Doctor Marcomat doctormarcom.For a specific analysis of the population of France, see Demographics of France.Nationality and citizenship
4.Citizenship of foreigners
4.The problematic definition of the "French people"
Legally, the French people are the sovereign people of France, composed of all French citizens, regardless of ethnic origins or religious opinions.The French people therefore comprise all French citizens, including the French overseas departments and territories.Henceforth, members from any ethnic group can be included in the French people, as long as they have French nationality, whether by jus soli ("right of territory") or by naturalization.Since the French Revolution, French national identity has been forged on the basis of citizenship creating an identitarian structure.Saharan African, Indochinese, and Basque minorities".France has exhibited a high rate of immigration from Europe, Africa and Asia throughout the 20th century, explaining that a large minority of the French population has various ethnic ascendancies.Only three attempts have been made: in 1927, 1942 and 1986.European ascendancy (Italy, Spain, Portugal), and 3 million come from the Maghreb.No recognized studies have been done covering wider timescales since mass immigration started in the 20th century.Abroad, the French language is spoken in different countries, in particular the former French colonies.However, speaking the French language is completely distinct from being French: one can speak French without being French.Henceforth, francophonie must not be mistaken with French citizenship.Switzerland (Romandy) are not from France, are often not Catholic (in fact they welcomed religiously persecuted Huguenots), are very proud of their own identity, and therefore may not consider themselves "French".Martin hold the French nationality even though they do not speak the language, while their neighbouring Francophone Haitian immigrants may be able to speak some French yet remain foreigners.Furthermore, although most French people speak the French language as their native tongue, there have been periods of history when large groups of French citizens had other first languages (local dialects such as Basquian, Occitanian, Corsian, Alsacian, etc).Canadian citizens, asking those individuals completing long form census questionnaires to define themselves.The questions asked in the United States and Canada were not identical, and the data collected may not be commensurable.Gaul before complete Roman conquest circa 58 BC.Their ancestors were Celtic immigrants who came from Central Europe in the 7th century BC, and dominated native peoples (for the majority Ligures).The Gaulish language came to be supplanted by Vulgar Latin, which would later split into dialects that would develop into the French language.The Vikings eventually intermarried with the local people, converting to Christianity in the process.Eventually, though, the independent duchy of Normandy was incorporated back into the French kingdom in the Middle Ages.Unlike elsewhere in Europe, France experienced relatively low levels of emigration to the Americas, with the exception of the Huguenots.However, significant emigration of mainly Roman Catholic French populations led to the settlement of the provinces of Acadia, Canada and Louisiana, both (at the time) French possessions, as well as colonies in the West Indies, Mascarene islands and Africa.Hungarian Empire, now the nations of Austria, Hungary, Slovakia and Romania.French Revolution and Napoleon's empire.If the French language at least disposed of a state of which it could become the "national language", the only base of the Italian unification was the Italian language, which gathered the educated elite of the peninsula's writers and readers, although it has been calculated that at the moment of the Unity (1860) 2.Lorraine region, which played a major role in the definition of the French nation, and therefore of the French people.France, which was one of the first attempts at contesting the republican definition of the French people as composed of all French citizens regardless of their ethnic origins or religious beliefs.France's population dynamics began to change in the middle of the 19th century, as France joined the Industrial Revolution.The pace of industrial growth attracted millions of European immigrants over the next century, with especially large numbers arriving from Poland, Belgium, Portugal, Italy, and Spain.Small but significant numbers of Frenchmen in the North and Northeast regions have relatives in Germany and Great Britain.French law made it easy for thousands of colons, ethnic or national French from former colonies of North and East Africa, India and Indochina to live in mainland France.In just a few months in 1962, 900,000 French Algerians left Algeria in the most massive relocation of population in Europe since the World War II.European and Christian for thousands of years.In 2005, immigration level fell slightly to 135,890.There is increasing dissatisfaction with, and within, growing cultural enclaves (communautarisme).The 2005 French riots that happened in difficult suburbs (les quartiers sensibles) were an example of such tensions that may be interpreted as ethnic conflict as appeared before in other countries like the USA and the UK.Canadian communities scattered throughout the other provinces of Canada, particularly in Ontario and New Brunswick.The French community in Louisiana consists of the Creoles, the descendants of the French settlers who arrived when Louisiana was a French colony, and the Cajuns, the descendants of Acadian refugees from the Great Upheaval.These French Canadians arrived to work in the timber mills and textile plants that appeared throughout the region as it industrialized.New Hampshire is of French ancestry, the highest of any state.In the Dutch colony that later became New York and northeastern New Jersey, these French Huguenots, nearly identical in religion to the Dutch Reformed Church, assimilated almost completely into the Dutch community.DeVos or Devoe by phonetic respelling).French colonial groups, and has left few traces of cultural influence.Huguenots that did not undergo massive recycling of buildings in the usual redevelopment of such older, larger cities as New York City or New Rochelle.In Argentina: Lanusse, Liniers, and more.In Brazil: Belfort, Bittencourt, Bitencourt, Brunet, Burnier, Calvert, Deschamps, DuBois, Dumont, Guinle, Lambert, Martin, Piquet, and others).Many of them had lost the surname, because the invasion was short termed, and the French were demanded to abandon the country, and many changed their surname to protect their citizenship.There are currently an estimated 400,000 French people in the United Kingdom, most of them in London.The usage of ethnic and racial categorization is avoided to prevent any case of discrimination, same regulations apply to religious membership data cannot be compiled under the French Census.French Constitution, according to whom "French" is a nationality, and not a specific ethnicity.Military: for a long time, it was named the Grande muette ("the big Mute") in reference to its prohibition from interfering in political life.Nevertheless, militaries do not benefit from the whole of public liberties, as the July 13, 1972 law on the general statute of militaries specify.Giscard d'Estaing, reduced from 21 to 18 the age of majority.Naturalized foreigners: since the January 9, 1973 law, foreigners who have acquired French nationality don't have to wait five years after their naturalization to be able to vote anymore.This would indicate a path toward a "postnational citizenship".Beside this, modern citizenship is linked to civic participation (also called positive freedom), which implies voting, demonstrations, petitions, activism, etc.Gorz) to theorize a guaranteed minimum income which would impede exclusion from citizenship.Political integration (which includes but is not limited to racial integration) is based on voluntary policies which aims at creating a common identity, and the interiorization by each individual of a common cultural and historic legacy.On the other hand, the interiorization of a common legacy is a slow process, which B.The German conception is usually qualified in France as an "exclusive" view of nationality, as it includes only the members of the corresponding ethnic group, while the Republican conception thinks itself as universalist, following the Enlightenment's ideals officialized by the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.French people would identify themselves with the concept of one particular ethnic group, and thus explains the paradox to which is confronted by some attempts in identifying the "French ethnic group": the French conception of the nation is radically opposed (and was thought in opposition to) the German conception of the Volk ("ethnic group").This universalist conception of citizenship and of the nation has influenced the French model of colonization.While the British empire preferred an indirect rule system, which did not mix together the colonized people with the colons, the French Republic theoretically chose an integration system and considered parts of its colonial empire as France itself, and its population as French people.However, this universal ideal, rooted in the 1789 French Revolution ("bringing liberty to the people"), suffered from the racism that impregnated colonialism.Liberal author Tocqueville himself considered that the British model was better adapted than the French one, and did not balk before the cruelties of General Bugeaud's conquest.He went as far as advocating racial segregation there.This paradoxal tension between the universalist conception of the French nation and the racism inherent in colonization is most obvious in Ernest Renan himself, who goes as far as advocating a kind of eugenics.The French spirit pays no attention to ethnographic considerations: France hardly believes to race...But also how much compensations!Doubtlessly, if the noble elements blended in a people's blood would erase themselves completely, then it would be a vilifying equality, analogous as in certain states of Orient and, in some respects, China.French revolution), jus soli (or "right of territory") was predominant.French legislation, combining birth origin with paternity.The 1993 reform was prepared by the Pasqua laws.The first Pasqua law, in 1986, restricts residence conditions in France and facilitates expulsions.With this 1986 law, a child born in France from foreign parents can only acquire French nationality if he or she demonstrates his or her will to do so, at age 16, by proving that he or she has been schooled in France and has a sufficient command of the French language.If they do not, they are considered "illegal aliens".Cesar Vallejo, writer
Josephine Baker, actress
Miles Davis, musician
Marisol Deluna, fashion designer
Johnny Depp, actor
T.Marie Le Pen's relative victory at the first turn of the 2002 presidential election.The French culture might have been already blended in from other races and ethnicities, in cases of some biographical research on the possibility of African ancestry on a small number of famous French citizens.General of 1789 (the population of the kingdom of France was then divided into the First Estate (nobles), the Second Estate (clergy), and the Third Estate (people)).The French language, the mother tongue of the overwhelming majority of French people, is a Romance language, one of the many derived from Latin.French is not the only language spoken by the inhabitants of France.Breton, a Celtic language of Brittany
Roussillonais dialect of Catalan, a Romance language spoken mostly in Roussillon, along the border with Spain.Statistics Canada, Canada 2001 Census.Many respondents may have interpreted the question differently and the numerous single responses for "Canadian" may not give an accurate account for several groups, see also List of Canadians by ethnicity.Retrieved on May 3, 2006.French edition (Gallimard, 1992)."The Institution of the French language: essay on colinguism from the Carolingian to the Republic").French Senate (June 6, 2000).Retrieved on May 2, 2006.Catholic University of Lille, Law Department.Villalba of the Catholic University of Lille, op.English) Olivier LeCour Grandmaison.Retrieved on May 3, 2006.This page was last modified 04:22, 26 January 2008.All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.French Language EducationFrench LanguageEssentialsLearn French...Are the French really rude, or just misconstrued?No matter where you go, no matter who you talk to, if you are rude, they will be rude back.Something which is rude in your culture may not be rude in another, and vice versa.When you're in France, that means you should make an effort to speak some French.In any case, English may be the international language, but it is far from being the only language, and the French in particular expect visitors to know this.English, denouncing everyone and everything French, and eating at only McDonald's.The French are very proud of their language, culture, and country.If you are respectful of the French and their heritage, they will respond in kind.People from many cultures smile upon meeting new people, and Americans in particular smile a lot, in order to be friendly.The French, however, don't smile unless they mean it, and they don't smile when talking to a perfect stranger.What you need to understand is that it's not meant to be rude; it's simply the way of the French.In fact, you'll be pleasantly surprised to discover how very friendly and helpful the natives are.Web site Using PowerPoint.Spanish: easier than French?The New York Times Company.Click on any of the terms below to get a full explanation of that topic.Welcome to Standard Deviants TV French, where learning is anything but standard.First, we'll tackle the French alphabet and pronunciation, then go over basic greetings and introductions.Lastly, we'll show you how to talk about people and things, including all the colors of the French rainbow.But one of the big differences between the two languages is in pronunciation.When you speak French, you use your lips, tongue, throat, and even your nose.The French Alphabet
The best way to get a handle on the French pronunciation is to learn the French alphabet.The French alphabet has the same letters as our alphabet, they're just pronounced differently.Here are the letters of the French alphabet.Each letter is followed by a phonetic pronunciation, which means a word that resembles the French pronunciation of that letter.The French Alphabet
a (ah)
b (bay)
c (say)
d (day)
e (euh)
f (effe)
g (zhay)
h (ahsh)
i (ee)
j (zhee)
k (kah)
l (elle)
m (emme)
n (enne)
o (oh)
p (pay)
q (koo)
r (air)
s (esse)
t (tay)
u (oo)
v (vay)
w (doobleh vay)
x (eeks)
y (ee grek)
z (zed)
There are several letters you should pay special attention to.They are: g, j, e, q and r.Pronounce g like a soft j or "zhay.""Euh" sound like someone just punched you in the gut.It sounds kinda like the word "air," but the end of the word is kinda guttural."Please pass gas again."French vowels are tense, which means you keep your mouth in the same position the entire time you make the vowel sound.Now, the French pronunciation of a sounds like "ah."All the French vowels are like that, so keep it in mind while you're pronouncing new words.Saying hello is easy enough, you may have heard the word before.You could also say, "Salut!""How's it going" is always a good one.Otherwise, replace the name Xylorpt with your own name, Earthling, and get out there and introduce yourself to as many people as you can.Now, in English, saying charmed makes you look like a dork, but in France, it's pretty much expected.You have to change the form of the French pronoun that means "you" because you're speaking to someone you're on familiar terms with, and there's only one of them.Likes And Dislikes
As you're probably aware, there's more to meeting people than just saying hello and telling people your name.You also need to talk about YOU.These are called your preferences.So, the first thing on our agenda is to learn how to say you like something.The first thing he said was "tu aimes" which means "you like."In the second part of the sentence you may recognize some words that are similar to English words, in this case musique and rap, from which you can guess (correctly) that Robert is talking about rap music.Let's pretend that rap music happens to be one of your favorites.The word aime means like, and as you may have heard, the word je means "I."When the French say je and aime together, the run them together into one sound, j'aime.The French use the word "okay" just like we do.Robert said, "Okay," and he then cranked up some rap music in the stereo.Then again, you may despise broccoli served "au chocolat."Which form you use depends on a bunch of factors, like who is talking, whether you're talking about the present, the past, or the future, and a whole bunch of other things.All other forms are derived from the infinitive.French infinitives do the same thing."J'aime la musique rock et la musique classique."It helps make the French sound smooth and not choppy.Instead of saying je aime, they say j'aime.Sophie is saying "I don't prefer the television."Je n'aime pas les restaurants.What happened to the ne?Infinitives
The neat thing about these "like" and "dislike" words is that you can use them with actions.You could say that you dislike walking, or like eating.Chanter (to sing): J'aime chanter.See, you need to know only the infinitive for the action you like or dislike, then you just stick it after the verb.The only articles we're going to talk about are the French equivalents of "the."The French definite articles are le, la, and les.Le, la, and les are called definite articles because they refer to a specific object.Use les with plural nouns, regardless of whether they're masculine or feminine.Some Masculine Nouns
le bureau
le pont
le restaurant
But that's not completely foolproof.Family Members
Now it's time to get back to basics and learn how to talk about your family.Isn't that neat how her family names its members after each other?One word that was used in there, moi, you may have seen before.Use that word to refer to yourself whenever you're not the subject of the sentence.Dans ma chambre il y a une radio, un ordinateur, et un tapis vert et bleu."We're familiar with the first part of the conversation Patrick said hello and introduced himself.Patrick: "Bienvenu dans ma chambre."You might have heard the word bienvenu before.Patrick: "Dans ma chambre, il y a une radio, un ordinateur, et un tapis vert et bleu."Makes sense, doesn't it?Since colors are mostly used to modify nouns, they must agree in gender with the noun that they're modifying.If the color ends in an e, then the masculine and the feminine forms are the same.The extra echanges the pronunciation of a few colors.For that one, you add an hand an e.Now that you've read All About French, test your knowledge with our Sample Test.French Language
Information on grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation, translation, linguistics, statistics, and schools.ARTFL Project
Project for American and French Research on the Treasury of the French Language, University of Chicago.Cajun Action
Nonprofit volunteer association dedicated to the preservation and promotion of the French language and the Cadien (Cajun) culture of Louisiana.Council for the Development of French in Louisiana (CODOFIL)
Committed to the development, utilization, and preservation of the French language for the cultural, economic, and touristic benefit of the state.Old French Language Page
Information and links regarding the history and development of the language and literature of France through 1400 A.Help us improve the Yahoo!IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS, PLEASE CONTACT ME.French is the only language other than English
spoken on five continents.IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS, PLEASE CONTACT ME.French is the foreign language spoken by our largest
trading partner (Canada).In 2000, the United States exported more to countries having French as a national language than to countries having any other foreign language.American trade is also remarkable for its symmetry, as 6 of the top 10 exports are the same each way.In 2005, the economies of China, England and France were similar in size.France is nearly tied with Japan, Germany and the Netherlands as the second largest foreign investor in the U.Among foreign countries doing business in the US, France employs the third largest number of Americans.Americans speak French in the home.Overall, the French export more per capita than the Japanese and more than twice as much as the Americans.More tourists visit France than any other country in the world.Seven of France's top ten exports to the U.France is fourth in research among countries of the Organization
for Economic Development and Cooperation (after Japan, Germany, and the
US).France is a major world research center in the field
of high energy physics.The French are a world leader in medical research: the
AIDS virus was first isolated by French doctors.The French are a leader in medical genetics (the Human
Genome Project is located in Paris).The French are the world's third manufacturers of electronics
equipment.Fiber optics were invented in France.Historically France and the French language have had
an enormous influence over American society.Many significant
works are never translated and remain accessible only to those who know
the language.In addition, most graduate schools require knowledge of at
least one foreign language, and French remains the most commonly used language
after English.The French economy is one of the strongest in the world and is increasingly
a leader in technological innovation.In sum, French is the language of
the future.The French government has done an excellent job explaining all that France has to offer economically and debunking some of the myths about France.In 2002, France attracted more foreign investment than the US and was on a par with China.Whatever some in the United States think of France, the world invests its money in France.When quoting from this page, please be so kind as to indicate the author and the web address.France, San Francisco, California.Eric DuPlessis of Radford University who contributed information.Possessive adjectives (my, your, ...Endings are always the same! |
![Jim O'rourke : Halfway to a Threeway [EP]](/covers/75/7548/alb_72729_th.jpg "Jim O'rourke : Halfway to a Threeway [EP]")
