| Please improve this article if you can.Apocrita
See text for explanation.The most familiar wasps belong to Aculeata, a division of Apocrita, whose ovipositors are adapted into a venomous stinger.Aculeata also contains ants and bees.Aculeate family Vespidae, which includes (among others) the genera known in North America as yellowjackets (Vespula and Dolichovespula) and hornets (Vespa).Categorization
2 Characteristics
3 Biology
3.Adult solitary wasps generally live and operate alone, and most do not construct nests; all adult solitary wasps are fertile.Characteristics
The following characteristics are present in most wasps:
two pairs of wings (except wingless or brachypterous forms in all female Mutillidae, Bradynobaenidae, many male Agaonidae, many female Ichneumonidae, Braconidae, Tiphiidae, Scelionidae, Rhopalosomatidae, Eupelmidae, and various other families).An ovipositor, or stinger (which is only present in females because it derives from the ovipositor, a female sex organ).Almost every pest insect species has a wasp species that is a predator or parasite upon it.Parasitic wasps are also increasingly used in agricultural pest control as they have little impact on crops.Genetics
In wasps, as in other Hymenoptera, sexes are significantly genetically different.Males, in contrast, have a haploid (n) number of chromosomes and develop from an unfertilized egg.Wasps store sperm inside their body and control its release for each individual egg as it is laid; if a female wishes to produce a male egg, she simply lays the egg without fertilizing it.Therefore, under most conditions in most species, wasps have complete voluntary control over the sex of their offspring.Anatomy and gender
Anatomically, there is a great deal of variation between different species of wasp.Like all insects, wasps have a hard exoskeleton covering their 3 main body parts.Wasps also have a constricted region joining the first and second segments of the abdomen (the first segment is part of the mesosoma, the second is part of the metasoma) known as the petiole.It is possible to distinguish between certain wasp species genders based on the number of divisions on their antennae.Male Yellowjacket wasps for example have 13 divisions per antenna, while females have 12.Males can in some cases be differentiated from females by virtue of the fact that the upper region of the male's mesosoma(called the tergum) consists of an additional terga.The difference between sterile female worker wasps and queens also varies between species but generally the queen is noticeably larger than both males and other females.They vary in the number and size of hairs they have between species.Some wasps are omnivorous but this is relatively uncommon, they feed on a variety of fallen fruit, nectar and carrion.Many wasps are predatory, preying on other insects.Certain social wasp species, such as yellowjackets, scavenge for dead insects to provide for their young.In turn the brood provides sweet secretions for the adults.In parasitic species the first meals are almost always provided from the animal the adult wasp used as a host for its young.Adult male wasps sometimes visit flowers to obtain nectar to feed on in much the same manner as honey bees.Parasitic wasps are typically parasitoids, and extremely diverse in habits, many laying their eggs in inert stages of their host (egg or pupa), or sometimes paralyzing their prey by injecting it with venom through their ovipositor.They then inject the host with eggs or deposit them upon the host externally.When the eggs hatch, the larvae eat the prey, which provides them with a first meal.After this point most wasps must obtain their own food and fend for themselves.Social wasp reproductive cycle (temperate species only)
Wasps do not reproduce via mating flights like bees.The sperm cells are kept stored in a dormant state until they're needed the following spring.First stage
After emerging from hibernation during early spring, the young queens search for a suitable nesting site.Upon finding an area for their future colony, the queen constructs a basic paper fiber nest roughly the size of a walnut into which she will begin to lay eggs.For this reason a single female queen is capable of building an entire colony from only herself.The queen initially raises the first several sets of wasp eggs until enough sterile female workers exist to maintain the offspring without her assistance.Third stage
By this time the nest size has expanded considerably and now numbers between several hundred and several thousand wasps.These eggs develop into fertile males and fertile female queens.In most species of social wasp the young queens mate in the vicinity of their home nest and do not travel like their male counterparts do.In practice, however, colonies can sometimes consist of the offspring of several male drones.Wasp queens generally (but not always) create new nests each year, this is probably because the weak construction of most nests render them uninhabitable after the winter.Also, contrary to popular belief queen wasps do not organize their colony or have any raised status and hierarchical power within the social structure.They are more simply the reproductive element of the colony and the initial builder of the nest in those species which construct nests.The queen may, in some cases, simply be the female that can eat the most other eggs while ensuring that her own survive (often achieved by laying the most).Once the first eggs have hatched the subordinate females stop laying eggs and instead forage for the new queen and feed the young; that is, the competition largely ends, with the losers becoming workers, though if the dominant female dies, a new hierarchy may be established with a former "worker" acting as the replacement queen.Two wasps in the upper right are mating.The type of nest produced by wasps can depend on the species and location.By contrast solitary wasps are generally parasitic or predatory and only the latter build nests at all.The pulp is then used to make combs with cells for brood rearing.Solitary wasps
The nesting habits of solitary wasps are more diverse than those of social wasps.Most other predatory wasps burrow into soil or into plant stems, and a few do not build nests at all and prefer naturally occurring cavities, such as small holes in wood.In some species, male eggs are selectively placed on smaller prey, leading to males being generally smaller than females.The queen initially starts the nest by making a single layer or canopy and working outwards until she reaches the edges of the cavity.Beneath the canopy she constructs a stalk to which she can attach several cells; these cells are where the first eggs will be laid.Social wasp colonies often have populations exceeding several thousand female workers and at least one queen.Polistes and some related types of paper wasp do not construct their nests in tiers but rather in flat single combs.This article does not cite any references or sources.July 2006)
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources.Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed.Links to many parasitic wasps and other insects used for biological control
Phylogeny of the order Hymenoptera contrasting the groups discussed in this article
Medline Encyclopedia N.All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.See Copyrights for details.She was a central member of The Avengers, and is a central character in 2007's The Mighty Avengers.Powers and abilities
3 Other versions
3.This image is a candidate for speedy deletion.Janet Van Dyne was born in Cresskill, New Jersey.During an experiment, however, an alien monster was unleashed from an alternate dimension and Dr.When Janet's father died, she convinced Pym to help her.Avenger
Soon afterwards, the superhero team, which Janet herself dubbed the Avengers, formed, and the pair were among its founding members.Never lacking for confidence or bravery and by nature an outgoing personality, Janet was always in the thick of their battles with villains, who included Norse gods and aliens.Several years later she would be elected leader of the team.One day a cocky new costumed crimefighter called Yellowjacket broke into Avengers HQ.He had had an accident with some chemicals causing a severe case of schizophrenia.Janet had realised this from very early on and had taken advantage to finally tie the knot.However, her relationship with Pym became rocky, as he suffered a further series of mental problems, exacerbated by the stress on his body of his frequent size changes and exposure to chemicals.Pym had a complete breakdown, and became completely paranoid.During the course of this breakdown, he became overbearing and verbally abusive.At the nadir of his degeneration, he struck Janet, and then proceeded to concoct a plan to make himself look good in front of his teammates by staging an attack upon them which only he could stop.She remained with the team despite these hardships, and after Pym's mental state returned to normal, the two became friends again and, some years later, resumed a romantic relationship.On a trip to Las Vegas, however, she turned down his proposal, saying she wouldn't marry him again.Civil War and Mighty Avengers
During the events of Avengers Disassembled, Janet was knocked into a coma by an attack on Avengers Mansion by the Scarlet Witch.When selecting the roster for the latest incarnation of the Avengers team, this time as part of the Fifty States Initiative, Tony Stark selected Janet a founding member of the Mighty Avengers.She is able to shrink to a minimum of half an inch or grow to a maximum of several hundred feet.Smaller or larger sizes are possible but the exertion begins to put a strain on her body.Despite the advantages of giant size, Janet usually prefers to remain the diminutive Wasp, calling on her growth power only in times of extreme emergency.Originally, she required special wrist devices to produce these but again, Pym particle absorption has allowed her to create the ability unaided.This is an ability which she rarely uses however.In addition, The Wasp is one of the most intuitive, if not deductive, members of the Avengers.She effectively deduced that a chemical accident created a schizophrenic break in Henry Pym, the relationship between the Scarlet Witch and the Vision was the result of the infused personality of Wonder Man, and guessed the identity of Iron Man at a time when Tony Stark faked his own death.Man would later perish on the last mission of the original Avengers, with The Wasp dying of a broken heart.Big Man, a one time member, however, joins a government reform team.Pym particles by scientist Henry Pym (here an employee of Janet's father, rather than a superhero).Janet does not appear to have ever used her Wasp identity in this version.It has been revealed that Janet can shrink to wasp size but she sees no point in being tiny.Her maximum size is unknown but she has grown tall enough to catch a school.Janet seems to change her costume regularly.Whether this costume increases her maximum size is yet to be seen.After Earth's human population is almost entirely devoured, Wasp is one of the zombies who finally kills (and consumes) Magneto.She confronts Hank but he decapitates her in the struggle that follows.He eventually reaches safety, encountering Magneto's surviving Acolytes.An epilogue, five years later, shows the Wasp exploring the deserted Earth alongside the Acolytes.Cover of The Ultimates vol 01.She is moderately fluent in German.Her mutant status remains hidden from the public but is known by Hank Pym and S.During her college years she shared a room with Betty Ross and started seeing Henry Pym.Betty Ross can also recall instances where Janet was missing chunks of hair.Hank's attempts at change through medication and enlistment in the Ultimates did not improve his behavior.As a result of his humiliating loss against the Hulk and simmering jealousy against Jan's friendship with Captain America (ironically she had been unfaithful, but with General Fury, not Captain America), Henry and Jan fought viciously until Janet resorted to stinging him and Hank commanding an army of ants against her.Captain America, upon learning of Hank's violence, tracked him down and beat him unconscious.On one of their secret meetings, Jan later confessed to Hank, now classified as a security risk by SHIELD, that the generation gap between Captain America and herself, along with the elderly status of his friends, put a large strain on their relationship.She recently walked out on Steve and met up with Hank in a bar.The invasion of America by the Liberators failed to take Janet into account.They discounted the possibility that someone whose only ability is to make herself "smaller and weaker" could be a threat.Soldiers working for the Liberators entered his cell and found two metahuman signatures.At first, Janet was easily subdued, but they failed to realise that she had already liberated her boyfriend.Captain America easily beat the Schizoid Man, but stopped fighting when several super soldiers threatened to tear Jan apart.However, Jan surprised them all by using her stinging powers at her normal size for the first time, killing or incapacitating all of the super soldiers at once.Man Serum giving her the power to grow to gigantic proportions.Larger in size, Janet helped turn the tide in favor of American forces and crushed Swarm with one stomp of her foot.She was played by Linda Ballantyne.All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.See Copyrights for details.PC program for predicting wind climates and power productions from wind
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is the resource center for small businesses.Wasp strives to keep its customers aware of new product introductions, exclusive offers, events, and other information that may be of value to you.We steadfastly maintain competitively priced broadheads that deliver the utmost in versatility, performance, aerodynamics, and bone splitting effectiveness.At WASP, we are bowhunters too, and we understand the importance of quality equipment.Young bull taken by WASP President, Richard Maleski on a New Mexicno hut field testing WASP broadheads.Vespidae, Sphecidae, and allied families, generally having a long, slender body and narrow waist and, in the female, a stinger.Show IPA Pronunciation Sometimes Disparaging and Offensive.Any of numerous social or solitary insects, chiefly of the superfamilies Vespoidea and Sphecoidea, having a slender body with a constricted abdomen, two pairs of membranous wings, mouths adapted for biting or sucking, and in the females an ovipositor often modified as a sting.Published by Houghton Mifflin Company.Published by Houghton Mifflin Company.Women's Airforce Service Pilots, organized during World War II as part of the U.Army Air Forces to ferry aircraft and to test new aircraft.The organization was disbanded in 1944.From W(omen's) A(irforce) S(ervice) P(ilots).If that is the correct derivation, the insect would be so called for the shape of its nest.Digby Baltzell, but first recorded reference is in an article by E.Palmore in "American Journal of Sociology."Published by Houghton Mifflin Company.Published by Houghton Mifflin Company.Shop for books, music and more
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