| For other uses, see Wire (disambiguation).Wires are used to bear mechanical loads and to carry electricity and telecommunications signals.Standard sizes are determined by various wire gauges.The term wire is also used more loosely to refer to a bundle of such strands, as in 'multistranded wire', which is more correctly termed a cable.Wire has many uses.Vast quantities of aluminum, copper, nickel and steel wire are employed for telephone and data wires and cables, and as conductors in electric power transmission, and heating.In the manufacture of stringed musical instruments and scientific instruments wire is again largely used.Not all metals and metallic alloys possess the physical properties necessary to make useful wire.The metals must in the first place be ductile and strong in tension, the quality on which the utility of wire principally depends.The metals suitable for wire, possessing almost equal ductility, are platinum, silver, iron, copper, aluminum and gold; and it is only from these and certain of their alloys with other metals, principally brass and bronze, that wire is prepared.By careful treatment extremely thin wire can be produced.Special purpose wire is however made from other metals (e.History
2 Production
3 Finishing, jacketing, and insulating
4 Solid wire and stranded wire
4.History
In antiquity, jewelery often contains, in the form of chains and applied decoration, large amounts of wire that is accurately made and which must have been produced by some efficient, if not technically advanced, means.This strip drawing technique was in use in Egypt by the 2nd Dynasty.From the middle of the 2nd millennium BC most of the gold wires in jewelery are characterized by seam lines that follow a spiral path along the wire.Such twisted strips can be converted into solid round wires by rolling them between flat surfaces or the strip wire drawing method.Strip and block twist wire manufacturing methods were still in use in Europe in the 7th century AD, but by this time there seems to be some evidence of wires produced by true drawing.Square and hexagonal wires were possibly made using a swaging technique.Swaging is of great antiquity, possibly dating to the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC in Egypt and in the Bronze and Iron Ages in Europe for torches and fibulae.Twisted square section wires are a very common filigree decoration in early Etruscan jewelery.In about the middle of the 2nd millennium BC a new category of decorative wires was introduced which imitated a line of granules.Perhaps the earliest such wire is the notched wire which first occurs from the late 3rd, early 2nd millennium BC in Anatolia and occasionally later.Wire was drawn in England from the medieval period.The wire was used to make wool cards and pins, manufactured goods whose import was prohibited by Edward IV in 1463.The first wire mill in Great Britain was established at Tintern in about 1568 by the founders of the Company of Mineral and Battery Works, who had a monopoly on this.Despite the existence of mills, the drawing of wire down to fine sizes continued to be done manually.The object of utilizing precious stones is to enable the dies to be used for a considerable period without losing their size, and so producing wire of incorrect diameter.Wire is often reduced to the desired diameter and properties by repeated drawing through progressively smaller dies, or traditionally holes in draw plates.The wire may be heated to red heat in an inert atmosphere to soften it, and then cooled, in a process called annealing.An inert atmosphere is used to prevent oxidation, although some scaling always occurs and must be removed by 'pickling' before the wire is redrawn.Another method is to immerse the wire in a copper (II) sulfate solution, so that a film of copper is deposited which forms a kind of lubricant, easing the drawing considerably.In some classes of wire the copper is left after the final drawing to serve as a preventive of rust or to allow easy soldering.The wire drum or "block" is provided with means for rapidly coupling or uncoupling it to its vertical shaft, so that the motion of the wire may be stopped or started instantly.The block is also tapered, so that the coil of wire may be easily slipped off upwards when finished.Before the wire can be attached to the block, a sufficient length of it must be pulled through the die; this is effected by a pair of gripping pincers on the end of a chain which is wound around a revolving drum, so drawing the pincers along, and with them the wire, until enough is through the die to be coiled two or three times on the block, where the end is secured by a small screw clamp or vice ready for the drawing operation.Wire has to be pointed or made smaller in diameter at the end before it can be passed through the die; the pointing is done by hammering, filing, rolling or swaging in dies, which effect a reduction in diameter.When the wire is on the block the latter is set in motion and the wire is drawn steadily through the die; it is very important that the block shall rotate evenly and that it shall run true and pull the wire in an even manner, otherwise the "snatching" which occurs will break the wire, or at least weaken it in spots.The difficulty of feeding between each die is solved by introducing a block between each, so that as the wire issues it coils around the block and is so helped on to the next die.The speeds at which the wire travels vary greatly, according to the material and the amount of reduction effected.Two or more insulated wires are wrapped concentrically and further protected with substances like paraffin, some kind of preservative compound, bitumen or lead sheathing or steel taping.Stranding or covering machines wind material onto the wire, which passes through quickly.Some of the smallest machines for cotton covering have a large drum, which grips the wire and moves it through toothed gears; the wire passes through the centre of disks mounted above a long bed, and the disks carry each a number of bobbins varying from six to twelve or more in different machines.Coaxial Cable, one example of a jacketed and insulated wire.For the heavier cables, used for electric light and power, and submarine cables, the machines are somewhat different in construction.The wire is still carried through a hollow shaft, but the bobbins or spools of covering material are set with their spindles at right angles to the axis of the wire, and they lie in a circular cage which rotates on rollers below.The various strands coming from the spools at various parts of the circumference of the cage all lead to a disk at the end of the hollow shaft.This disk has perforations through which each of the strands pass, thence being immediately wrapped on the cable, which slides through a bearing at this point.The cages are multiplied for stranding with a large number of tapes or strands, so that a machine may have six bobbins on one cage and twelve on the other.Insulating and jacketing of wires and cables is done by passing them through an extruder.Solid single strand wire is cheaper to manufacture than stranded wire and is used where there is no need for flexibility in the wire.Solid wire also provides strength and protection against the environment.Stranded wire is more flexible than a solid strand of the same total gauge.Stranded conductors are commonly used for electrical applications carrying small signals, such as computer mouse cables, and for power cables between a movable appliance and its power source; for example, sweepers, table lamps, powered hand tools, welding electrode cables, mining machines and trailing machine cables.At high frequencies, current travels near the surface of the wire because of the skin effect, resulting in increased power loss in the wire.Stranded wire might seem to reduce this effect, since the total surface area of the strands is greater than the surface area of the equivalent solid wire, but in fact a simple stranded wire will in fact have worse skin effect than a solid wire, because of its increased average resistivity, due to inclusion of air gaps within the wire.For better performance at high frequencies, litz wire, which has the individual strands insulated and twisted in special patterns, can be used.Look up Wire in
Wiktionary, the free dictionary.Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.Tucker, 'The seventeenth century wireworks at Whitebrook, Monmouthshire' Bull.Online calculator converts gauge to diameter or diameter to gauge for any wire size.This page was last modified 01:52, 31 December 2007.All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.Please help improve this article by adding reliable references.Overview
2 History
3 Influence
4 Sample
5 Discography
5.Overview
Influenced by artists as diverse as the Ramones and Brian Eno, Wire are often cited as one of the more important rock groups of the 1970s and 1980s.Critic Stewart Mason writes, "Over their brilliant first three albums, Wire expanded the sonic boundaries of not just punk, but rock music in general."The group exhibited a steady development from an early raucous style (1977's Pink Flag) to a more complex, structured sound involving increased use of guitar effects and synthesizers (1978's Chairs Missing and 1979's 154).Lion Tamers (a Wire cover band, named after a song title from Pink Flag) were their opening act.The cover band played Wire's older material, while Wire themselves played only new material on that tour.History
Wire's debut, Pink Flag (1977) contains songs which are very diverse in mood and style, but most use a very minimalistic punk approach, unorthodox structures, and several songs are under a minute in length; "Field Day For The Sundays" is only 28 seconds long.Sample of "Outdoor Miner", taken from Chairs Missing (1978)
Problems listening to the file?Chairs Missing followed in 1978, and found Wire stepping back a bit from the stark minimalism of Pink Flag, with longer, more atmospheric songs and synthesizer parts by producer Mike Thorne.Many of the songs had bassist Graham Lewis on lead vocals.Eyewitness LP (1981), a recording of a performance that featured almost exclusively new material.Wire collaborative projects, including Dome, Cupol, Duet Emmo, and several Colin Newman solo efforts.Reforming as a "beat combo" (a joking reference to early 60's beat music or even possibly beatniks), the group became increasingly immersed in electronics.The band released It's Beginning To And Back Again, in 1989 as a "live" album of mostly reworked versions of songs from The Ideal Copy and A Bell Is a Cup...The increased use of electronics on the album Manscape caused Gotobed to fire himself in 1990 when he realised a drummer was unnecessary, even at live gigs.In response to his departure, Wire dropped one letter in their name to become "Wir" (still pronounced "wire").Robert Grey), the group initially reworked a substantial chunk of its back catalogue for a performance at Royal Festival Hall.Great receptions during a short tour of the U.Es Devlin and artists Jake and Dinos Chapman.Wire's 1970s albums returned to their original vinyl tracklistings.But with Bruce Gilbert's departure from the band in 2006 this seemed unlikely.October 2007), with a full length album of new material said to be following and, according to comments by Colin Newman at the band's MySpace page (Oct.Influence
Like The Velvet Underground, Wire are a band whose influence has outshone their comparatively modest record sales.In the 1980s, The Urinals, The Minutemen, and R."Strange" on their Document album) expressed a fondness for the group.Guided By Voices's Robert Pollard claimed that Wire was his favorite band, and that the fact that GBV's albums had so many songs was directly influenced by Wire's albums.W" for a Wire tribute entitled Whore.The song was selected as a favorite cover at Flak Magazine.Bloc Party, Futureheads and Franz Ferdinand owe a debt to Wire.Blur's work, along with many more minor Britpop bands, has been particularly redolent of 1970s Wire at various points.Wire were influential on hardcore punk.Minor Threat covered "12.Michael Azerrad reports, in Our Band Could Be Your Life, that at Minor Threat's second gig, each of the seven bands on the roster performed their version of a Wire song.Big Black covered Wire's "Heartbeat" twice, once as a studio version which was released as a single (also included on The Rich Man's Eight Track Tape compilation), and also as a live version featuring Bruce Gilbert and Graham Lewis that was included on the VHS version of their live album Pigpile.KB
Problems listening to the file?Wire Sound Archive
Wire set to return, read interview with Colin Newman
Wire at All Music Guide
Punk77.See Copyrights for details.User *isn't* logged into HBO, link should go to logIN page
document.User *IS* logged into HBO, Logged in Greeting
document."HBO: The Wire: Homepage"
s.The Final Season
The critics have spoken, now it's your turn!Find out how four pivotal players earned some of their Baltimore street cred with our new feature
The Chronicles.Writing for the National Post, Robert Cushman slayed us with an observation about The Wire creator David Simon.Music from The Wire NEW!Enjoy music from and inspired by The Wire.The complete fourth season available now!What are your predictions for season five?He probably got some after that beat down."Want to tell us what's your favorite scene?"The Tap" Newsletter
Subscribe to the official newsletter of THE WIRE and get insider information, special alerts, and exclusive emails.This website may contain adult content.All logos and trademarks in this site are the property of their respective owner(s).Markets close in 3 hours and 16 minutes.Time QuotesGet QuotesFinance SearchEncore Wire Corp.WIRE)At 12:29PM ET: 15.ENCORE WIRE CP (NasdaqGS:WIRE) Last Trade:15.Data
Quotes delayed, except where indicated otherwise.K, Amendments to Articles of Inc.Encore Wire extends stock repurchase programbizjournals.Fri, Nov 2)
More Headlines for WIRE...Add WIRE News to My Yahoo!New Constructs, LLC"The Economy Matters" Report for WIRE: the economy's impact on WIRE's price...Pechala's ReportsMore Reports for WIRE...Encore Wire Corporation manufactures copper electrical building wire and cable in the United States.It supplies residential wire for interior electrical wiring in homes, apartments, and manufactured housing; and commercial wire for electrical dis...Quotes delayed for WIRE.Delay times are 15 mins for NASDAQ, 20 mins for NYSE and Amex.Financials data provided by Edgar Online.Historical chart data and daily updates provided by Commodity Systems, Inc.Analyst estimates data provided by Thomson Financial Network.ThomsonFN shall not be liable for any actions taken in reliance thereon.Hillary Clinton suggested the next president will face a terrorist attack and that she was the best person to handle it, the Boston Globe reports.Said Clinton: "I don't think it was by accident that Al Qaeda decided to test the new prime minister.They watch our elections as closely as we do, maybe more closely than some of our fellows citizens do.Let's not forget you're hiring a president not just to do what a candidate says during the election, you want a president to be there when the chips are down."If anything is leaked, it will probably be after the first polls close at 7 p.As far as I know, that process will remain in place today."New Hampshire Votes
Polls are open in New Hampshire.The Fall of Clinton
There's a great piece in the Wall Street Journal on the collapse of Sen.Hillary Clinton's presidential campaign.Clinton also faces financial worries as contributions have begun to slacken.Clinton is considering effectively ceding South Carolina.Quote of the Day
"Give me a break.Obama got no bounce out of Iowa."Zogby tracking poll in New Hampshire, Sen.Voting began this morning in the Granite State.On the Republican side, Sen.New Hampshire Predictions
Robert Novak says Sen.Barack Obama "looks like a winner" over Sen.He thinks John Edwards will finish in third place.For Republicans, he says Sen.John McCain "had seemed a clear winner" over Mitt Romney, but now says "Romney is coming back fast."Nonetheless, he says McCain will hold on for first, followed by Romney, Mike Huckabee, Rudy Giuliani and Fred Thompson.Meanwhile, among Democrats, Sen.Obama, Huckabee Get Big Bounces in South Carolina
A new SurveyUSA poll in South Carolina finds Sen.Among blacks, Obama had led by 20 points, now leads by 46.Among white voters, Obama had been 3rd, is now 2nd, tied with Edwards, the two of them 9 and 10 points back of Clinton.Edwards Isn't Going Anywhere
While his campaign concedes John Edwards won't win the New Hampshire primary, NBC News spoke to strategist Joe Trippi who is certain his candidate will stay in the Democratic presidential race until the convention.Don't get in the way but if the bullet slows down (and it may not) for whatever reason (it just does, a Dean moment, big screw up) then Edwards can be there waiting around at the 'drain."Edwards can afford to wait around.Also Hillary having been the front runner doesn't want to tarnish the image of the Clinton legacy and can't take the losses, so assumes Trippi.They have every intention in staying in until the convention."Before the Iowa caucuses, Clinton held a 17 point lead over Sen.On the Republican side, Sen.Whatever happens to his candidacy from here (and make no mistake, the Democratic race is far from over even if Obama sweeps Tuesday's primary), the first days of 2008 have created another political legend in the fabled snows of New Hampshire.""Barack Obama and John Edwards in different ways understand the potency of emotional argument.This is the first of the rolling New Hampshire polls taken entirely after last week's caucuses in Iowa.On the Republican side, Sen.With more than 600 complimentary offers, you'll find plenty of titles to suit your interests and needs.The largest collection of political memorabilia in one place.Goddard is the creator of Political Wire, a
political column updated around the clock with the most interesting
news, buzz and commentary.Scribner, 1998), a political
management book hailed by prominent journalists and politicians from
both parties.This is a personal site and does not necessarily reflect the
views of any company, political campaign or advocacy group.Lifetime Achievement Award to Billy Dee William...Add this for each new level
oCMenu.Add this for each new level (adding one to the number)
oCMenu.At WIRE, we'll take on anything.The telephone service is available for the cost of a local call.Women from culturally and linguistically diverse (CaLD) backgrounds are welcome to utilise WIRE services.With the assistance of Telephone Interpreter Services, WIRE's telephone service is available to (CaLD) women. |
